The Representation of Youth Tribes and Subcultures in the Cinema of John Hughes

In this research essay I expect to find that the use of youth tribes and subcultures can clearly be identified in mid-80s comedy-dramas; particularly in those written, produced and directed by John Hughes. The primary texts I will be analysing are The Breakfast Club, Ferris Bueller’s Day Off and Weird Science. I have selected these texts as they are few of many that represent young people in an oppositional approach compared to the dominant ideologies of society at that time.I will be using Paul Hodkinson’s Youth Cultures: Scenes, Subcultures and Tribes and Stuart Hall’s Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices as secondary sources to inform this essay. I will also be looking at how teenagers have been represented in other media texts such as Grease and the American Pie sequel. The term â€Å"representation† can be defined as to how the language of media and its conventions are used to represent certain people and objects to the te xt’s targeted audience. Stuart Hall states in his book Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices that his definition of representation is:â€Å"To put it briefly, representation is the production of meaning through language†. Hall, (p. 16). Since the film industry blossomed it has been dominated by many ideologies as to what is ‘acceptable’ and what can be perceived as taboo; these theories also suggest how people should be represented. For example, theorist Vladimir Propp proposed that there are eight main characters to a film, stating that the woman is the passive â€Å"damsel-in-distress†. In Propp's book Morphology of the Folktale it is stated that the children who are interested in the fairy-tale genre, they apply their personalities with the character they feel most connected with:â€Å"Presumably, the kinds of choices made by a child might be related to his personality. For example, does a little boy select a female d onor figure to aid him against a male villain? Does a little girl select a male donor figure to assist her against her wicked stepmother? † Propp, (p. 10). However due to the numerous revelations, character ideologies have been adapted and have proven that the damsel can be subverted into the protagonist of a story and, more often than not, the antagonist; in particular, the ‘evil stepmother'.The genre of comedy-dramas came of age in the late 70s with romances and teenage dramas; however the genre was suddenly exemplified in the 80s by director John Hughes along with the infamous ‘brat pack’ of the era. In comedy-dramas the narrative normally includes tropes such as ‘the guy gets the girl’ with the help and guidance from his trusted sidekick who has to climb over the difficult obstacles of life and society. An iconic example of this trope can be seen in the late 70s classic musical Grease; where the boys in a gang are wearing leather jackets, th ey smoke, carry weapons and drive fast cars.As it quotes in Paul Hodkinson's Youth Cultures: Scenes, Subcultures and Tribes this was incredibly common for the transition from teenage years to adulthood: â€Å"Most obviously perhaps there has been the development of a series of legal classifications associated with different stages of youth, notably the age at which young people can vote, have sex, smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol and drive motorcars†. (p. 4). In comparison to the ‘girl gang’ of the film, where Olivia Newton-John’s character Sandy is wearing pastels throughout the movie, which connotes her virginal lifestyle.This is where John Hughes appends a proclaimed statement that all teenagers are in some way the same and are based in stereotypes which make them similar, which is why I have chosen to analyse the films The Breakfast Club, Ferris Bueller’s Day Off and Weird Science due to the fact that the main characters are all teenagers and the trilogy of films show the representation of youth tribes in a clear, semantic perspective that states that however a teenager may present themselves, they are all in some particular way the same.In the first chapter of the book Stereotypes and Stereotyping by C. Neil MacRae et al they state that stereotypes only exist in someone’s point of view: â€Å"This type of thought process reflects the most traditional conceptualization of stereotypes within social psychology, in which stereotypes are considered to be the â€Å"pictures in the head† of individuals looking out into their social words. But stereotypes also exist from the point of view of the person who is being stereotyped†. (p. 3)The Breakfast Club (1985) is a unique film, in the genre of teen comedies, because it focuses on the stereotype and probes deeper into the issue of ‘why they are the way they are’. This is a contrary to the teen comedy genre because most of such movies will defend st ereotypes of many forms, including sexuality and race. This can be seen in films such as American Pie and Not Another Teen Movie; the latter of which was effective in battling stereotypes by reinforcing them and therefore turning them into paradoxes. However, The Breakfast Club battles contemporary stereotypes differently.Each character has a personal problem that, seemingly, led to the way they act in public. Bender, being a rebel, retells how he is abused by his father. Such abuse can create a level of apathy about life, but Clark (a victim of a different kind of abuse) goes on to assume it is all â€Å"for show†. One can quickly see that the film not only addresses stereotypes, but it challenges them by showing that each student has an assumption about the other. By the end, everyone acknowledges that their colleagues are more rounded and individual than they initially thought, but agree that they are different.Johnson writes to the principal that they learned they all con tained some form of each stereotype and finished the essay with this following quote: â€Å"You see us as you want to see us: in the simplest terms, in the most convenient definitions. But, what we found out is that each one of us is a brain, and an athlete, and a basket case, and a princess and a criminal. Does that answer your question? † (The Breakfast Club, 1985). In 1990, Hughes directed a film that changed the traditional family’s Christmas’ dramatically.Home Alone, starring Macauly Culkin, was the beginning of one the most noticeable and well-known series in filmmaking and sticking to comedy-dramas, Hughes includes two robbers who act as the antagonists. However, he also included a subversion of intelligence between the 8 year old Kevin McAllister and the two inseparable robbers. Hughes portrays the child to be an intelligent, smart boy who sets his house with childish pranks as obstacles for the robbers to come across. However the adult burglars are repr esented as complete idiots and fall for each trap.The sharp direction within this subversion of the characters has become a trope in the comedy-drama genre. John Hughes is a well-acknowledged film director, producer and writer who has created some of the most humorous and warm-hearted movies for a family -based cinematic entertaining experience; and it was his movie-making abilities that gained him the label ‘the king of teen comedy’. Every young character in each infamous John Hughes film have been represented as clever and witty and they can easily get away with more than any normal teenagers should; especially Matthew Broderick’s character of Ferris Bueller.This subversion of intelligence from Home Alone could be seen four years earlier in one of Hughes’ greatest creations: Ferris Bueller’s Day Off (1986). This film has been constructively criticised for its pure creativity and originality throughout the entire plot of the piece. Ferris Bueller a t the beginning of the film seems to just be a normal young man, who has the skill of faking an illness to skip school; however, he has an extraordinary amount of luck and whatever he plans for the day, it goes swiftly without questioning.Hughes has written the three main characters of Ferris Bueller, Cameron Frye and Sloane Peterson with individual, unique personalities. According to Pieter J. Fourie's: Media Studies, Volume 1: Media History, Media and Society, Levi-Strauss' theory of binary opposition can shape a person's identity: â€Å"Binary oppositions suggest that the meaning of something depends on its opposite: ‘good' is dependent on ‘bad'. Levi-Strauss' point of departure was that a collective practice of laws, rules and values direct the individual's thinking and behaviour.Furthermore, society's collective existence shapes the individual and determines his or her individuality. † (p. 249). Bueller is shown as a young man who knows everybody and wants to make the most of his life, whereas his pessimistic best friend, Frye, contrasts in personality as he seems to be living on his death bed due to his non-existent relationship with both parents. Peterson, however, is a beautiful young woman who has the reassurance of a motherly figure which can help provide Frye with the hope and faith that he needs.The subversion of intelligence is introduced into the film with the first sight of the Dean of Students, Edward Rooney. His determination to catch out Ferris on his ninth ‘sick day’ of the semester boils over his initial integrity and dignity, from getting spat in the face with Slush Puppie to being chased around the neighbourhood by the Bueller family’s pet Rottweiler. Rooney is represented as a teacher who has completely lost any glimpse of pride; leaving the three students roaming the streets of downtown Chicago with charm and comical wit.Art Silverblatt claims in his book Genre Studies in Mass Media: A Handbook tha t Ferris becomes a role model for everyone, even the adults: â€Å"Ferris’ nemesis, the school disciplinarian, Mr. Rooney, is obsessed with â€Å"getting Bueller†. His obsession emerges from envy. Strangely, Ferris serves as Rooney’s role model, as he clearly possesses the imagination and power that Rooney lacks†. (pp. 104-105). Weird Science (1985) was written and directed by John Hughes and stars one of the main members of the 80s ‘brat pack' Anthony Michael Hall who plays Gary Wallace, and Ilan Mitchell-Smith as Wyatt Donnelly.Another trademark characteristic that can be seen in numerous Hughes films is that the majority of them are set in the fictitious Chicago suburb of Shermer, Illinois. The first time the audience spots the two Science geeks in the film is when they're gawking at the girls gym class at school. They may be skinny, but Hughes didn't write them to have glasses or severe acne, as he didn't feel the need to classify the ‘gee ks' from the ‘jocks' as they caneasily be spotted without their stereotypical features; for example the geeks normally have their trousers hoisted up paste their waste, showing their ankles, whereas the jocks would have letterman jackets, be well built and structured but also be shown as a little bit dumb. However, what Hughes does, is write the characters in a way that any actor of the film could play that character, I believe that the semantic purpose of the film is to inform the audience that stereotypes only exist if the audience perceive them to be that stereotype; this means that everyone can be seen as the same without any judgement of their clothing or hairstyle.The end of the film supports my suggestion, as the two geeks get both of the jocks' girlfriends due to the help of their Barbie-doll 23 year old, computerised woman Lisa, played by Kelly LeBrock. In conclusion, the representation of youth tribes used within the cinema of John Hughes is trying to inform the audi ence that there are stereotypes, but they are only perceived via a person’s point of view.This perception of stereotypes creates space for characters to be represented within an archetype; which portrays them to be seen as the same, in a small, yet evidently noticeable way. The mid-80s opened up the possibilities for teen dramas and John Hughes created iconic role models using teenage adolescence for the young public viewers. According to Art Silverblatt’s Genre Studies in Mass Media: A Handbook, he claims: â€Å"By the 1980s, adolescence, even with its uncertainties, emerged as the centre of popular culture, with adulthood reduced to irrelevance†. (p. 105).

School Decision-Making Common Core Paper

Preparing students to be college bound as well as become model citizens are some of the goals Sunshine elementary has for its students. In an effort to achieve these goals there are times in which changes are necessary. Sunshine has decided to implement Common Core Standards beginning the new school year. To discuss the implementation, there is a mandatory staff meeting on Wednesday, December 4, 2013 at 3:30pm in the multi-purpose room. The agenda is as shown: AgendaGrade level reports Grade level chairperson Pre-K – 5th Feedback10 – 15 minutes from staff Introduction of new standardsVelma Johnson – Administration Break-out groups (grade levels) to discuss new standards (10-15 minutes) Shared discussions with staff from break-outs (20 minutes) Problem/ResolutionVelma Johnson – AdministrationDismissalThe implementation of the Common Core Standards will bring expected negative feedback from seasoned teachers; however new teachers are expected to welcome the initiative with open arms. It is this understanding that led to the creation of a team of teachers who will represent both seasoned and new teachers to work together to come to an agreement on how the new initiative can and will prove to be beneficial to everyone: students and teachers. To maintain a positive balance with the teachers as well as a positive environment on the campus, the members selected for this team will be chosen by their colleagues through a silent vote which will be conducted on December 6, 2013. The team will meet at least twice weekly and provide feedback on the progress via email to Ms. Velma Johnson.The objective for the team is to meet with their grade level teaching  partners to bring their concerns to the meetings. Ultimately, these members will review and discuss which concerns are valid and relate to the new initiative. Personal feelings are set aside to achieve whatever is necessary to meet the needs of the students. As educators, one must remember t he focus is on what will work best for the students’ success. There are times when stepping out of one’s comfort zone (the norm) is necessary. At the end of the three week review process, the team is expected to bring to Ms. Velma Johnson a suggested resolution of implementing the new initiative which will be a collaboration of seasoned and new teachers working to achieve a common goal.No one is asking anyone to set aside their beliefs, but it should be clear there are always expected changes in the field of education. The teachers who are there to meet the needs of the students would not have any problems with the implementation of the new initiative. The teachers should understand the focus is on the students becoming more of critical thinkers to be able to gather information, evaluate what was gathered, and to comprehend what is being conducted. The goal is for the students to become purposeful readers and listeners as well as build their content knowledge. The stud ents of Sunshine must receive the support and guidance of all their teachers to be successful. Once the resolution is accepted and approved by Ms. Velma Johnson, there will be a staff meeting to present the final plans.Each staff member will receive a copy of the new initiative which will also reflect expectations. After meeting with the staff, the administrative team will scheduled a meeting with Parent Teacher Organization (PTO) to share the school’s new initiative in guiding the students toward education and personal success. In addition, prior to school being released for the summer break, the new standards will be shared with students and their parents through the school’s monthly newsletter. The parents will be directed to contact the PTO if there are any additional questions. The PTO will forward whatever information necessary to the administration to respond to.ConclusionIn conclusion, while it is necessary to implement the Common Core Standards to better meet the needs of guiding the students toward the goal of becoming at least a high school graduate. The new standards are in keeping with the change in education and meeting the guidelines for No Child Left Behind.  College bound students will receive the start necessary to be successful. Seasoned and new teachers along with the students will work together in a pleasant environment which is full of learning.

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To get involved in the case to explain the legal content - Essay Example 736). The first step of setting this particular kind of business structure involves finding a name, which is dissimilar from any other company. However, since your business already has a name, this step will not be necessary. Next step that you will need to consider is filing of your paperwork, also called Articles of Organization (Zhang, 2011, p. 864). You will subsequently need to meet all payment associated with filing of such articles. The next step will involve the creation of an operating agreement, which will lay the framework of how to run the LLC (Oh, 2010, p. 122). It is essential at this point to point that, the operating agreement will define the duties and rights of every member of the LLC. It will also be necessary to make some publications. The next crucial step will involve acquiring permits and licenses that are necessary for the business to operate (Sjà ¶grà ©n et al., 2011, p. 360). Other steps that you may also consider include hiring of employees and announcing the business. Though, you already have TREVCO as the business name, should you consider changing this name as you set on a new business structure, then you need to factor some details. The first requirement for finding an appropriate name for this LLC is total compliance with all governing state rules regarding the names of LLCs (Lauesen, 2011, p. 572). I suggest that you assign one member of the customer relation (CR) to find all the details that pertain to this matter. You may also contact the office within the state government, whose duty involves regulation of corporations and LLCs. A number of rules exist that guide on how to choose a name for any LLC (Gelderblom et al., 2013, p. 1058). First, the chosen name must be original. This implies that the chosen name must not be same as any other LLC, which is already in the file that is in custody of the state government office. The chosen

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English - Essay Example The official name of this sport is association football. Americans developed a distinct type of football in the 19th century which has subsequently come to be known as American football. This game has basically grown out of two sports, soccer, or association football, and rugby football. Both these games remain as separate sports with each having its own specific set of rules. The international body governing soccer is FIFA, or Federation Internationale de Football Association. The immensely popular World Cup, held at four-year intervals is organized by FIFA, and it also governs all levels of soccer, including professional games on the international level, Olympic competitions and youth leagues. The FIFA World Cup is undoubtedly the sport’s premier event, pitting national teams from 32 countries against one another. American football’s National Football League or NFL is the most popular and major professional league in the world. However, over the years, several other leagues have been formed in North America and Europe. The comparable soccer league known as MLS or Major League Soccer has many teams which have fans worldwide and some of the most famous teams are A.C. Milan of Italy, Ajax Amsterdam of The Netherlands, Manchester United of England, Real Madrid of Spain, Boca Juniors of Argentina, SÃ £o Paulo of Brazil, and Colo Colo of Chile, among others. Both forms of the game, soccer or association football, and American football have some things in common, namely both are played between two teams, in which players try to score a goal by hitting the ball into the opponents’ goal, by using any part of their body except the hands. Players thus have to use remarkable skills of using feet and heads as they kick, dribble, or pass the ball toward the goal or to another player. Although this much remains common to both games, there are some important contrasts and

Walmart's retail link system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Walmart's retail link system - Essay Example Organizations will use various tools including technological tools to make this process effective, and one among them, which is being commonly used now, is RFID. Understanding their benefits, many well known organizations Harley Davidson, Walmart, etc., are incorporating RFID as part of their SCM, and are getting good results. When one particularly focuses on the RFID usage in Walmart, it is clear that it has been improving its operations, although some privacy concerns are raised against it. System of RFID RFID (short for Radio Frequency Identification) is electronics and Information technology (IT) based tool, which helps organizations to trace their finished products as well as the raw materials needed for making those products in the supply chain. Basic RFID system is made up of three components, a transponder (RF tag) electronically programmed with unique information, an antenna or Reader and a computer or a transceiver (with decoder). RFID works on the concept of invisible radi o waves, emitted by the microchip, which are attached to the consignment of raw materials and products, or even individual products of a particular company including retail company, which are being transported. Then, by using the reader or the antenna, which will detect the invisible radio waves, the position of the consignment or the product can be tracked. Also, the reader decodes the data encoded in the tag's integrated circuit (silicon chip) and then the data is passed to the host computer for processing and retrieval or transfer of the information. (â€Å"Technologies†). This can be used by the retail companies to track both the products and the raw materials being received from the suppliers, as well as the finished products, which are being transported to the supplier or distributor and the eventual customer. In addition RFID can also be used by retail companies as part of their operational processes. Inside manufacturing or assembly units or even storing unit, RFID re ader can identify individual materials, fitted with the RFID tag, and then route them to the relevant sections of those units. RFID in Walmart Walmart, one of the largest retailers, incorporated RFID tags as part of its operations in 2005, when it asked its suppliers to adopt this tool. The main reason for this decision is, it wanted its suppliers to know when the finished goods have arrived at the backdoor of the stores, thereby allowing them to make the plans. Plans in the sense, where to put or route those products, ranging from distribution centers, shop floor to the intended customers. â€Å"The roll-out started in 2005 with a couple of hundred suppliers tagging cases being sent to 2 or 3 WalMart distribution centers in Texas† (â€Å"RFID News†). Schwartz pointed out another application of RFID in Wal-Mart, â€Å"In addition, another RFID tag placed at the entrance to the sales floor will tell the supplier, what is on the sales floor and what is left in the backr oom.† This was expected to aid the suppliers by giving them a good read of their inventory figures, along with sales velocity. However, suppliers opposed this initiative due to issues like installation and maintenance costs (which were put on them by Walmart), ROI (Return of Investment), etc. Such opposition led to problematic implementation of RFID, but Walmart does not want to let go RFID. They wanted to optimally use it and so in 2010, they decided to incorporate it in its 3,000 stores in men's apparel area. â€Å"These are little radio frequency ID RFID tags that are attached to the apparel that allow us to—

Can Machiavelli's theories be used to justify the actions of Marx, Essay

Can Machiavelli's theories be used to justify the actions of Marx, Lenin, Stalin, Putin totalitarian actions - Essay Example 2). He does this by exploring various examples to illustrate various means of obtaining and keeping power. Machiavelli held the philosophy that using virtue and force was best because the moment a prince obtained territory by use of armies and strength, it would be simpler for them to keep control over their jurisdiction (Machiavelli & Woonton 34, 45). A noteworthy point is that for Machiavelli, the concept of virtue implied strength and manliness. Machiavelli was also of the philosophy that a leader ought to possess evil qualities since that way it would be easier to cling to power (Machiavelli & Woonton 51). Machiavelli, for example, argued that being feared but not feared was more preferable than to be loved. Machiavelli also argued that it was not necessary for a prince to be trustworthy. Machiavelli lived up to some of the principles he wrote. He used his skills and schemes to rise through the ranks in the government of Florence. There was a time he was close to magistrate a position he used to push for the use of militia in the state. This corresponded with his view in The Prince w here he advocated for the use of local militia over mercenaries (Machiavelli & Woonton 45). Machiavelli was made to be in charge of the militia when Florence finally got an army. He demonstrated great military astuteness that lead to the capture of Pisa. He finally lost his position and was never able to rise again. It is often hard to discern which philosophies are right and which are wrong when comparing the two literary works; that of Karl Marx and that of Machiavelli. Machiavelli’s ideas are what many people would regard as unethical. As a matter of fact, his ideas were so unpopular in his own country, Italy, that he got exiled. Karl Marx on the other hand, presents a theory about capital that is self-contradicting. For example, Marx argues that Capitalism results from the business

Stat-Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Stat-Final Project - Essay Example In addition, study suggested that students showing higher GPA score have less chance of showing attention deficit disorder that is there is inverse association between GPA score and ADD score. A number of studies have attempted to examine the long-term progenies of the attention deficit disorder (ADD). Substantial attention has been paid that grade point average (GPA) score of the students are related with the attention deficit disorder (ADD) score, and gender and English level of students have an effect on grade point average score of students. Attention deficit disorder is associated with an increased risk for drug involvement and confers a poorer level of psychosocial functioning (Realmuto et. al., 2009). Therefore, it has a negative effect on students grade point average (GPA) score. This study will examine the relationship between GPA score and attention deficit disorder (ADD)-like behavior score. In addition, the effect of gender and English level (remedial, general and college preparatory English level students) on GPA score of students will be also analyzed and discussed. According to Howell, Huessy & Hassuk (1985), this study differs from most follow-up studies in two ways. First, it begins with a total sample of all children of a given age in number of schools, therefore, capable of comparing children who do and do not exhibit attention deficit disorder (ADD)-like behavior. Second, it deals with a predominantly rural and small-town population, whereas previous studies have mainly focused on urban populations. Participants were 216 students (54% boys, 46% girls) from one of 18 schools in northwestern Vermont. The schools were chosen in such a way to produce a reasonable cross section of rural schools within 40 miles of Burlington, VT. Age at first assessment, family background, racial/ethnic identity and other background variables were not assessed. All

Alcohol and the average teen Essay Example for Free

Alcohol and the average teen Essay Many teens today face the situation of alcohol and alcohol abuse. Although we cannot make their choices for them, we can persuade them into not taking alcohol by knowing the risks first; a lot like warnings on smoke packages. Alcohol can have a big affect on the adolescent mind. The brain of a an average human being keeps developing to the age of adolescence; people believe that the brain stops developing at the age of adolescence, but in fact, the brain develops into the early 20s. At the age of adolescence, the brain goes under remodelling and rewiring. The underdeveloped brain of an adolescent can suffer irreversible brain damage and may have long lasting effects on the brain. That is why there is an age limit of 19 in Canada and the age limit of 21 in the United States. Many side effects of drinking alcohol are: slurring of words, memory loss, difficulty walking, blurred vision, slow reaction times, dehydration, blackouts(being unconscious) and even death. Alcohol is a dangerous thing a teens should not take the risks. Long term effects of alcohol unintentional injuries: car crash, falls, burns. e. t. cintentional injuries: firearm injuries, sex assault and domestic violence increase on the job injuries and loss of productivity increase of family and relationship problems alcohol poisoning high blood pressure, stroke and other heart diseases liver disease nerve damage sexual problems permanent brain damage mouth and throat cancers. Short term effects of alcohol slurred speech drowsiness vomiting diarrhea coma blackouts unconsciousness blurred vision and hearing problems breathing difficulties After drinking alcohol, many people experience difficulty to walk, unable to gain balance, motor control, timing and awareness. This is because your body will not completely absorb all of the alcohol; some of it will travel into the brain and into your cerebellum. Your cerebellum controls motor control, awareness, coordination and thoughts. The alcohol will tend to make your hands shake a lot, unable to pick up stuff and to lose balance and maybe even fall. After you drink alcohol(ethanol), reaction time or reflexes slow, because the cerebellum controls awareness which is affected by alcohol. For example, after drinking large amounts of alcohol, a person would often stumble, lose control and fall over. A person might not be aware that they are drunk until they wake up from a hangover. A second example for motor control is when a person has no control of their hands and cannot grasp at any object. One more example of balance is that a person has difficulty walking, often grabbing objects to support their body. Drinking alcohol can have effects such as mood swings, and unable to control one’s self and can sometimes become very violent. The frontal lobes control planning, forming ideas, making decisions/judgement and using self control. Alcohol disrupts the frontal lobes and can create these effects. It is illegal to drive while having more than 0. 08 % blood alcohol concentration because the alcohol will affect decision making while driving and become very dangerous if poor decisions are made. Violent tendencies also come from the induce of alcohol. Two thirds of victims who suffered violence by an intimate have reported alcohol has been a factor. Drinking alcohol can also have suicidal thoughts and attempts. In 2002, 3 million youth were at risk of suicidal attempts. The suicidal thoughts and attempts are because the frontal lobe controls thoughts and judgement while under the influence of alcohol. An example of poor decision making is when a person decides to jump down two stories from a balcony. An example of mood swings is that a person will be happy when drinking, but depressed later can be common effects. An example of self control, is when a person has violent rages that he/she cannot control that causes reckless damage. When a person thinks of an action, their body will act it out. The brain sends messages through the spine and to a certain part of the body carrying out the instructions through a set of nerves in the nervous system. Alcohol slows down the central nervous system which makes actions/movements, speech and thoughts slower by inhibiting signals between the head, spinal cord and nerve endings . Alcohol is a central nervous depressant and have life threatening effects on the bodys nervous system. The nervous system takes more damage than any other part of the body. Alcohol decreases the central nervous systems activity, and reduces anxiety, tension, and inhibitions. Drinking on a empty stomach can make the alcohol rush through your bloodstream faster, although drinking while eating doesnt necessarily mean that you wont get drunk. Stroke, heart attack and dementia can be the results of alcohols effect on the nervous system. Another example of when alcohol acts on the nervous system is when your words slur and vision will start to blur. Memory loss and unconsciousness/blackout can happen when a person drinks too much alcohol. The alcohol affects the hippocampus part of the brain, and is located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. The hippocampus is vital to learning and memories and also vulnerable to chronic alcohol consumptions. When induced alcohol, it can affect the brain and can make you forget the recent memories of events. And having drunk alcohol has been shown to decrease the volume of the hippocampus; having induced too much alcohol in very little time can make you black out and forget whole events. If alcohol damages the hippocampus, people may find hard to grasp at memories and may find it hard to learn. This affects teens because of learning disabilities which could make them fall behind in school. An example of memory loss is, when Joe stays at his friend Bobs house, but he got drunk, passed out and woke up the other day not remembering what he was doings at his friends house. Alcohol can affect the hippocampus and affect your learning and memory. Blood pressure, hunger, thirst and the urge to urinate, even death are the effects of alcohol on the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus controls/ regulates the bodys functions. Some of the functions that the hypothalamus performs are: autonomic nervous system controls that help regulate eating and drinking, controls body temperature, body fluid, electrolyte balance and weight. When teens drink, they get a warm feeling inside their body. What actually happens is their blood pressure and body heat are rapidly decreasing. Death occurs because the body temperature and blood pressure are dropping, also because there is too much alcohol in ones system(alcohol blood concentration 0. 40%) Each year, approximately 5, 000 youth die from alcohol. Hunger and thirst occur because the hypothalamus regulates eating and drinking and is disrupted by the alcohol. That is also the reason for the urge to urinate because of the regulation of bodily fluids. Alcohol can affect your hypothalamus and disrupt your bodys natural functions. unconsciousness, low body temperature and slow breathing are the effects of alcohol on the medulla. The medulla controls automatic functions such as breathing, consciousness and body temperature. By acting on the medulla, alcohol induces sleep, which causes blackouts and unconsciousness. This also means that a person’s breathing would be affected and would be life threatening because their breathing would slow. A persons body temperature also decreases below normal creating hypothermia, especially if the person drinks in cold temperatures. Alcohol is a life costing drug that should be precautioned. Alcohol and the body Alcohol also has huge impacts on health and the human body. The alcohol first passess through the mouth and into the body. From there, it goes into the stomach. Some of the alcohol goes into bloodstream in the stomach, but most of it goes on to the small intestine. In the small intestines, the alcohol enters the bloodstream through the walls of the intestines. Then, the heart pumps the alcohol throughout the body. Next, the alcohol reaches the brain. After that, the liver works to oxidize the alcohol at a rate of 0. 5 oz per hour. Finally, the alcohol converts into water carbon and energy. Health problems that alcohol can cause are: high blood pressure, osteoporosis(bone disease), stroke and cancer, including breast cancer. Alcohol can have big impacts on the body. Alcohol can has huge impacts on the heart and health. The heart is a pump for your blood to flow throughout your body and is the biggest muscle in your body. The effects of alcohol on the heart can cause good and bad effects. The benefits of drinking alcohol are: youre less likely to get cardiovascular disease. One way is that the alcohol can increase good cholesterol which prevents clots and heart attacks. There are also many dangerous effects of alcohol on the heart when heavy alcohol consumptions occurs: excessive intake of alcohol will more likely give you high blood pressure and puts extra strain on the heart, increases the amount of fat circulating in the bloodstream, people who drink too much will increase their risk of experiencing stroke and would cause atrial fibrillation-irregular heartbeats which could increase stroke. Alcohol has both benefits and risks depending on the consumption. Through the pathway of alcohol, it passes through the digestive system. The alcohol can irritate the stomach, causing it to produce more acid than usual, causing inflammation of the lining of the stomach. The side effects are stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea and in heavy drinkers, bleeding. The long term consequences of alcohol are the increase of getting cancer of your mouth, tongue, throat, stomach and pancreas. Alcohol can also make it difficult to digest food and absorb any nutrients from the food you just ate. This is because the alcohol reduces enzyme production in the pancreas making it hard to break down and absorb the fat and nutrients. A possible way to protect your stomach is to eat rich carbohydrates and drink a lot of water that would slow down the the rate of which your body absorbs alcohol. Death is possible too. If your unconscious, it is possible that you will throw up in your mouth and die of choking on the vomit; it would be stuck in your respiratory system and your lungs would not get air. Alcohol, if not, is a very unhealthy substance to your stomach and digestive system. Your liver is one of your most vital organs in your body. Your livers main job is detoxification-to filter your blood for toxins coming from the digestive tract. Liver disease is used to describe the damage done upon your liver from the alcohol. There are two main types of liver disease: acute meaning liver problems develops over a few months and chronic liver disease is damage done to the liver over a number of years. Some reasons why alcohol causes liver disease are: 1. Oxidative stress. The liver takes up a lot of stress filtering the alcohol and the chemical reaction can cause damage to the cells. This could cause inflammation and scarring as the liver tries to regenerate itself. 2. Alcohol causes damages to the small intestines releasing bacteria that is carried out onto the liver. Long term effects on the liver can cause many liver disease, fat deposited due to absorbing of alcohol leads to fatty liver disease and cirrhosis-a complete shutdown of the liver because it is so damaged. Heavy alcohol consumptions can have a great deal to the liver and your health. Alcohol also damages the kidney. Whether it’s acute or chronic alcohol consumption, the alcohol will damage the kidneys. The functions of the kidneys is to filter blood-the kidneys remove metabolic waste, controls the body’s fluid balance, regulates the balance of electrolytes, regulation of blood volume and pressure and maintaining electrolyte levels in blood. As the kidneys filters blood, urine is created and stored in the kidneys’ pelvis. Alcohol can cause all kinds of damage to your kidneys. Alcohol alters the filtering system of the kidneys and damages the balance of water and ions in the body. Drinking alcohol can cause high blood pressure and is the second leading cause to chronic kidney disease. The alcohol also alter filtering levels that will increase urination when drinking which is why you have to go to the washroom every five minutes, but is important to keep hydrated because by urinating, you get rid of your body’s water. Alcohol impacts the kidneys and kidneys are vital to the human body. How alcohol impacts teens and families Alcohol impacts teens and families a lot. Alcohol abuse among teens is a common problem. Statistics say that 80% of high school students report drinking alcohol and 40% of high school students report trying alcohol by the eighth grade. Some effects of alcohol abuse are emotional problems. Alcohol abuse can cause emotional problems like depression and anxiety. Alcohol abuse can cause severity in these problems. Statistics say that eighth grade girls that have alcohol abuse are more likely to attempt suicide. Some of the reasons that teens drink are: peer pressure. E. x. Your friends are all drinking and youre the one who doesn’t. Your friends will make fun of you and say you’re a loser. Fun and adventure. E. x. You want to try beer of alcohol for fun or for adventures and you try a sip. Then gulps and are not able to control yourself. Curiosity. E. x. You’ve seen them in the television. You’ve seen it in movies: people(mostly adults) drinking alcohol and getting crashed. Your parents warned you about the effects of alcohol and becoming an alcoholic. But you still wonder what it feels like to drink a sip of alcohol. So you take a bottle of beer take a drink. You get a warm feeling inside. Then you can’t control yourself and drink way too much and have a hangover. Self esteem. Some teens have a low self esteem and they want to boost it. Drinking alcohol will not boost self esteem, but causes depression instead. To cope with stress. E. x. You are under a lot of stress from school, relationships, e. t. c. When drinking alcohol, a feeling of happy and carefree. Scientists have discovered that drinking alcohol releases serotonin which is a happy chemical. Alcohol also affects teens when driving. It is not a good idea to drive with someone who is impaired that drives. Having more than 0. 08% of blood alcohol concentration can affect judgement, judgement to know if you’re intoxicated , especially when driving and is considered illegal to drive with above 0. 08% blood alcohol concentration . Statistics show that in 2010, 10,228 were killed in alcohol impaired driving crashes, almost one third of all the traffic related deaths in the United States. Impaired drinking continues to be the number one road safety issue in Canada. Alcohol also affects the family around you. When teens are killed in car accidents, their families are greatly impacted. The family would be burdened with sadness as they hear the police tell that your son or daughter was killed by drunk driving and would never forget. Not only does it impact parents, but children as well. There’s a same possibility that the parents/ guardians could’ve died in a car accident as well. The children have to take care of themselves and for each other now that their parents, unless taken to foster parents and can sometimes never recover from the tragedy. Not only does drunk driving affect families, but alcoholics too. Alcoholism is a family disease that affects everyone in the family. Usually, the alcoholic doesn’t know that they’re an alcoholic until it’s too late. The child works extra hard trying to be a perfect that they don’t upset the alcoholic, but always takes the blame is called the scapegoat. The other family member tries to make the alcoholic drink more and tries to hide the fact that alcohol is the problem and is called the enabler. Alcohol impacts teens and also families as well.

How Different People Behave in the Presence of Authority Essay Example for Free

How Different People Behave in the Presence of Authority Essay The survey and behavior study was conducted in a finance office branch of the United States military. The office is comprised of both military and civilian employees as well as several different races and nationalities. A short written survey was conducted in order to discover how the military versus civilian personnel behaved in the presence of authority as well as how different races and nationalities behaved in the presence of authority. These surveys were filled out voluntarily and participants were asked not to include their name on their survey in order to remove any identification or bias. However, they were asked to provide information about their military or civilian status. In addition, observations were also recorded after the survey as the employees went about their normal business activities while at least one authority figure was present. The questions asked are as followed: 1. Do you work harder when an authority figure is present? Why or why not? 2. How do you normally respond to authority while on the job? 3. What do authority figures do to motivate you to work harder? 4. What do authority figures do that causes you to not work as hard? 5. What can authority figures do in the future to motivate you? Combined with the observations this survey provided valuable insight into the differences in behavior among civilian and military employees as well as differences across races and nationalities. The most striking discovery was that military personnel appear to be more motivated when in the presence of authority. From a personal standpoint, this phenomenon may be due to the intense training and fear of punishment within the military. Military soldiers and officers are trained to respond immediately to authority and to refrain from questioning authority. At the same time, military personnel cannot be simply fired from a job as civilians are. In the majority of cases, military personnel sign up for a certain amount of time in the military and failing to meet these obligations is much more complicated than just being fired. This is one possible reason why the military employees within this particular finance office respond so positively to authority figures. Further, the written surveys provided additional support for this theory. The military employees overwhelmingly responded that they were more motivated when an authority figure was present. Similarly, the majority of military employees also answered that this was because they wanted to perform well for their immediate boss but that they also wanted to avoid the humiliation that comes with making unnecessary mistakes. The civilian employees also answered that they were more motivated to work harder in the presence of an authority figure. However, their reasoning was most often due to their fear of losing their job if they did not perform well enough. The questions and observations regarding behavior associated with not working as hard also provided some valuable insight into the differences between military and civilian personnel. The military employees reported that they often were much more at ease when an authority figure was not present but that they could never completely let down their guard. Several of those military employees who participated in the study reported that they felt as if someone was always watching them and that any unbecoming behavior would eventually make its way to their commanding officers which would put their rank and position in jeopardy. In contrast, the civilian employees reported being able to joke around and being a little less focused on their work when an authority figure was not present. However, two of those surveyed responded that they were hesitant to engage in this type of behavior in front of military personnel simply because the military employees did not behave in this way. There were also some important differences found among the different races and ethnicities within this particular finance office. For example, there is one Middle Eastern civilian employee who works in the office as well as one Indian civilian. These two employees are very dedicated to their jobs and work very hard to perform well. They are both very respectful of their white bosses and strive to please them at all times. These two employees were not observed engaging in any different types of behavior when authority figures were not present. Instead, they continued their work as if the authority figure was still in the room. Additionally, they were always careful to make eye contact with the person they were speaking with and were also careful to remain respectful at all times. While the white military and civilian officers were also observed to be respectful and dedicated to their work, they were also more likely to be more relaxed when interacting with authority figures. Further, they were also more likely to have relationships with their bosses in the form of questions about their families and activities when not on the clock. The hours that employees work in this particular finance office are from 0730 until 1600. The observations and survey took place within these hours. The written survey was conducted between 0800 and 0900 and the remainder of the day was filled with observations regarding behavior. The observations provided important insight about the differences in motivation in the morning versus towards the end of the work day. In the morning, the employees were observed sitting at their desks, booting up their computers and getting right to work. There was very little interaction among employees beyond casual greetings until lunchtime. As the lunch break approached the employees could be overheard discussing what to do with their time and generally looking forward to a short break. While the employees returned from lunch and returned right to work the atmosphere remained upbeat. The employees engaged in a little more chatter right after lunch and as the end of the work day approached they once again increased their amount of dialogue. However, it was also observed that the amount of talking was significantly less when an authority figure was present than when an authority figure was not present. Further, the white military and civilian employees engaged in more dialogue with each other than did the other races or nationalities. A final interesting and insightful bit of knowledge that was gained from the survey and observations was associated with the last question: â€Å"What can authority figures do in the future to motivate you? † The majority of participants responded that authority figures would motivate them to work harder through incentives. These incentives did not necessarily need to be tangible goods. Instead, most of the participants felt that praising them for a job well done or thanking them for their hard work was sufficient in making them feel valuable. Further, the participants felt that when their work was noticed it was easier to stay motivated because it helped them improve on their weaknesses by using their strengths. The participants responded that when their efforts were noticed and praised they were more willing and motivated to work on their weaknesses without feeling as if they were bad at their jobs. Overall, the employees within this particular finance office were hard working and dedicated to their jobs. They behaved appropriately in the presence of an authority figure and even though they were more relaxed when an authority figure was not present they were still performing their jobs satisfactorily. The military employees displayed more discipline, possibly because of their training. The Middle Eastern and Indian employees were more reserved and less relaxed than the white employees. The authority figures were not surveyed but were observed and it was noticed that they treated all the employees equally but there were slight differences as well. For example, the authority figures were much more reserved when interacting with the Middle Eastern and Indian employees than they were with the white employees, possibly because they were respecting individual differences. Ultimately, the surveys and observations provided information about the differences among military and civilian employees as well as across different races and ethnicities. While there were several differences, it was noted that each member of this office worked diligently and appropriately at all times.

Oxidative Decolourisation of Rosaniline Hydrochloride (RAH)

Oxidative Decolourisation of Rosaniline Hydrochloride (RAH) Kinetic, thermodynamic studies for oxidation of rosaniline hydrochloride dye by persulphate in ambient temperatures Z. M. Abou-Gamra* Abstract The kinetics of the oxidative decolourisation of rosaniline hydrochloride (RAH) by sodium persulphate was studied spectrophotometrically over pH range 3.5-9.5 at 30-45 oC. The reaction was second order with respect to dye and half order to persulphate. Increasing the pH of the medium increased the rate of decolourisation dramatically in alkaline medium. The Activation Parameters were found to be 62.11 kJ mol-1, 90.33 kJ mol-1 and -98.44J K-1 mol-1 with respect to activation energy, free energy and entropy respectively. Addition of sodium chloride and sodium sulphate had no effect on the rate of decolourisation. Key wards: Kinetics, Mechanism, Degradation, Rosaniline, Persulphate. 1. Introduction Textile dyeing process is significant source of environmental pollution. It produces large amounts of highly colored effluents, which generally toxic resistant to destruction by biological treatment methods. Many physical, chemical processes such as adsorption [1], electrochemical [2], photocatalytic [3] are used to remove the dyes from waste water. Chemical oxidative processes seem to provide an opportunity for future use in industrial wastewater. Examples of such potentially effective chemical oxidants for oxidative processes include Fenton reagent [4-5], KBrO3 [6-7] and KClO3 [8]. *corresponding author e-mail: [emailprotected] The use of persulfate has recently attention as an alternative oxidant in the chemical oxidation of contaminants [9-12]. Persulphate (KPS) is one of the strongest oxidants known in aqueous solution and has a higher potential (Eo = 2.01 V) than H2O2 (Eo = 1.76 V) [13] Table 1. It offers some advantages over other oxidants as a solid chemical at ambient temperature with ease of storage and transport, high stability, high aqueous solubility and relatively low cost. It has great capability for degrading numerous organic contaminants through free radicals ( SO4-. and HO.) generated in the persulphate system [12]. Basic dyes, such as, crystal violet, malachite green and roseaniline hydrochloride are used cotton tannin, mordant printing and dyeing in textile. Rosaniline is triphenylmethane dyes with amino group on each phenyl ring. Its structure is easily reducible where the chromophore group is destroyed and the compound loses its colour. Redox reaction of rosaniline hydrochloride by sulphite and nitrite ions are reported earlier [14-16]. This work focused on the kinetic study of oxidation of rosaniline hydrochloride with persulphate at ambient temperature spectrophotometrically. The effects of pH, dye, persulphate concentrations and temperature were studied. Also mechanism as well as rate law equation for the reaction is proposed. 2. Experimental 2.1. Reagents and materials All chemicals were of pure grade and were used without further purification. Rosaniline hydrochloride BDH (molecular weight =337.8, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¬max = 540 nm). The chemical structure of (RAH) is given in (Fig.1). NaCl and Na2SO4 were purchased from Merck. All solutions were prepared using bidistilled water. Stock solutions of dye (1 mM), K2S2O8 (100mM) were prepared. The pH is adjusted by HCl and NaOH solutions. 2.2. Kinetic experiments All kinetic measurements were carried out using a Cecil 292 spectrophotometer equipped with a water-jacketed cell holder. The reactants (dye and K2S2O8+NaOH) were thermostated for 15 min., then mixed thoroughly and quickly transferred to an absorption cell. The progress of the reaction was monitored at 540 nm. The pH of the reaction was adjusted using Griffin pH-meter fitted with a combined glass calomel electrode. 3. Results and Discussion Kinetic study for oxidation of (RAH) by (KPS) was followed at à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¬max= 540nm. Figure 2 shows the decreasing of absorbance with time. Figure 2 also shows that about 85% of rosaniline is removed in 60 minutes at temperature 25 oC. 3.1 Kinetic study In the present study, zero-, first- and second-order reaction kinetics were used to study the decolourization kinetics of (RAH) by (KPS). The individual expression were represented below Ct = Co– kot lnCt = -k1t + ln Co 1/Ct = 1/Co+ k2t where Ct is the concentration of (RAH) at reaction time t. Regression analysis based on the zero-, first- and second-order reaction kinetics for the decolourization of (RAH) by (KPS) was conducted and the results were shown in (Fig. 3). Since plotting of At versus time did not give straight line zero-order kinetics is excluded. Comparing the regression coefficients (R2) obtained from (Fig. 3b) and (Fig. c), it can be seen that R2 of the second-order reaction kinetics (Fig. 3c) was 0.9995, which was obviously much better than that based on the first-order (R2 = 0.9394) reaction kinetics. The results indicated that the decolorization kinetics of (RAH) followed the second-order kinetics well. Based on the above analysis, the second-order kinetic rate constants for the decolourization of (RAH) at different reaction conditions were shown in Table 2. 3.2. Effect of pH A thermally activated persulphate oxidation system is known to involve SO4. and HO. radicals depending on the pH of the medium. According to literature survey, SO4. is predominant oxidant radicals at pHà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¼ 7, both SO4. and HO. are present at neutral pH and HO. is predominant radical at pH à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¾ 9[9]. Keeping the concentration of (RAH), (KPS) and temperature constant and change the pH in range 3.5 to 9.5, the rate of reaction is increased by increasing the pH value, (Fig. 4). Increasing the pH in range 3.5 to 9.5 increased observed rate constant from 6.7x 10-4 to 6.8 x 10-3 mol dm3 s-1, Table 2. This is probably attributed to the effect of hydroxyl ion on (RAH) which converting it to a carbinol base with no conjugation structure. All studies have done at pH = 9 since dyeing cotton performed in alkaline medium [17]. 3.3. Effect of dye concentration The effect of initial (RAH) concentration of aqueous solution of rosaniline on oxidation process by persulphate was investigated since pollutant concentration is important parameter in wastewater treatment. The observed rate constant decreases linearly with increasing the initial concentration of rosaniline, (Fig. 5). This is attributed to relatively lower of SO4-. and HO. results from the increasing of rosaline concentration while concentration of persulphate and hydroxyl ions remains the same. The obtained results was in good agreement earlier reported [18-19]. 3.4. Effect of persulphate concentration Increasing the persulphate concentration in rang 410-3 to 2.4x 10-2 mol dm-3 increasing the rate constant from 3.1310-3 to 9.9210-3 mol-1dm3 s-1 at pH= 9 and temperature 40oC, Table 2. Plotting of log kobs versus log [K2S2O8] give straight line of slope equals 0.63 indicating the order of reaction with respect to persulphate is half, (Fig. 6). This is similar to results obtained by T. Mushinga and S. Jonnalagadda [20]. Also the fraction order ( n = 0.779) with respect to persulphate is obtained by M. Ahmadi et al[19]. 3.5. Effect of temperature The variation of the temperature in range of 303-318 K increases the rate of decolourization of rosaniline, (Fig. 7). The activation energy was calculated from Arrhenius plot and Eyring equation and was found to be 62.11 kJ mol-1. The activation energy for decolourisation of RY84 was 45.84 kJ mol-1[19] while for decolourisation of CV by persulphate was 28.9 kJ mol-1[18]. Chen-Ju Liang and Shun-Chin Huang demonstrated that the activation energy for MB with persulphate was 87 and 90 kJ mol-1 in acidic and alkaline medium respectively [9]. The other activation parameters were determined and are found to be 90.33 kJ mol-1 and -98.44 JK-1 for free energy and entropy respectively. 3.6. Effect of inorganic anions The potent effect of persulphate as oxidizing agent in destroying the organic contaminants is high redox potential of sulphate free radical. The presence of other species in waste water such as chloride, sulphate and phosphate could reduce its oxidation efficiency. It is reported earlier [21] that chloride can react with sulphate free radicals according to the following mechanism: Chloride concentrations had insignificant effect in studied range [0.008- 0.08 mol dm-3]. Also the presence of sulphate did not reduce the decolourisation rate. Similar results are observed earlier [21-23]. 4. Reaction Mechanism and Rate Law The probable mechanism of reaction involves the break of conjugation of roseaniline hydrochloride. Since the fraction order of persulphate is observed, It likely that the initial reaction is thermal decomposition of persulphate, Applying equilibrium approximation and assuming an equilibrium between the reactant and product of (eq. 1) From (eqs.5 6) If the proposed mechanism and rate low are probable, so plotting of kobs versus [S2O82-]1/2 should yielded straight line passing by origin and the slope should be equals k x K1/2. Using the data in Table 3 and the plot gave straight line passing by the origin with slope =0.065 (R2 = 0.9557) which support the proposed mechanism. Conclusion In this study, (RAH) was successfully degraded in aqueous solutions by the persulphate and it was found that the reaction of (RAH) degradation follows the second-order kinetic model with respect to (RAH) and half order to persulphate. The activation energy for (RAH) degradation with the persulphate was determined to be 62.11 kJ mol-1.The presence of inorganic ions such as NaCl and Na2SO4 had no effects on the (RAH) degradation. References 1- Z. M. A bou-Gamra, H. A. Medien, Kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies of Rhodamine B adsorption by low cost of biosorbent sugar cane bagasse Eur. Chem. Bull., 2(7) (2013) 417-422. 2-M. JoviĆ¡, D. StankoviĆ¡, D. ManojloviĆ¡, I. AnÄ‘elkoviĆ¡, A. MiliĆ¡, B. DojÄ inoviĆ¡1, G. RogliĆ¡, Study of the electrochemical oxidation of reactive textile dyes using platinum electrode, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8 (2013) 168-183. 3-J. Ã…  Ãƒ ­ma, P. Hasal, Photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes in aTiO2/UV system chemical engineering transaction 32 (2013) 79-84. 4- Z. M. Abou-Gamra, Kinetic of decoloration of alizarine red S in aqueous media by Fenton like mechanism, Eur. Chem. Bull., 3(1) (2014) 108-112. 5- H. A. Medien, S. M. E. Khalil, Kinetics of the oxidative decolorization of some organic dyes utilizing Fenton-like reaction in water J. King Saud Univ. (Science), 22 (2010) 147-153. 6-A.H. Gemeay, G.R. El-Ghrabawy, A.B. Zaki, Kinetics of the oxidative decolorization of Reactive Blue-19 by acidic bromate in homogeneous and heterogeneous media Dyes Pigments 73 (2007) 90-97. 7-M. Nasiruddin Khan, Z. Siddiqui, F. Uddin, Kinetic and mechanism study of the oxidative decolorization of neutral Red by bromate in micellar Medium, J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 6(3) (2009), 533-541. 8- Y. Mohammed, A.C. Etonihu, V.A. Tsa, Hexamethylpararosaniline chloride (crystal violet) oxidation by chlorate ions in aqueous acidic medium: approach to the mechanism of reaction, Trakia J. Sci. 9 (2011) 1-7. 9-C. Liang, S. Huang, Kinetic model for sulfate/hydroxyl radical oxidation of methylene blue in a thermally-activated persulfate system at various pH and temperatures, Sustain Environ. Res., 22(4) (2012) 199-208. 10-C. Liang, Z. Wang, C. J. Bruell, Influence of pH on persulfate oxidation of TCE at ambient temperatures, Chemosphere 66 (2007) 106-113. 11-X. Xu, X. Li, Degradation of azo dye Orange G in aqueous solutions by persulfate with ferrous ion, Separation and Purification Technology 72 (2010) 105-111. 12-X. Xu, S. Li, J. Liu, Y. Yu, H. Li, Activation of persulfate and Its environmental application, International J. of Environment and Bioenergy, 1(1) (2012) 60-81. 13- D.C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 4th Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, 1995. 14- J.F. Iyun,. H.M. Lawal, Non- metal redox kinetics; the reduction of pararosaniline chloride by sulphite ions acidic solutions, J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria 22(1997)155-159. 15- O.A. Babatunde, Kinetics and mechanism of reduction of parafuchsin by nitrite Ions in aqueous Acid Medium, World Journal of Chemistry 4 (1) (2009) 39-44. 16- J.F. Iyun, O.D. Onu, Nigerian J. Chem. Research, 3 (1998), 24. 17- A. Walters, D. Santillo, P. Johnston, â€Å"An Overview of Textiles Processing and Related Environmental Concerns†. Greenpeace Research Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK, 2005, p.16. 18-L.M.A. Fayoumi, M.A. Ezzedine, H.H. Akel, M.M. El Jamal, Kinetic study of the degradation of crystal violet by K2S2O8 comparison with malachite green, Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 30(2) (2012) 121-133. 19- M. Ahmadi, J. Behin, A. R. Mahnam, Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxydisulfate oxidation of reactive yellow 84, Journal of Saudi Chemical Society (2013), in press. 20- T. Mushinga, S. B. Jonnalagadda, A kinetic approach for the mechanism of malachite green-peroxydisulphate reaction in aqueous solution, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 24 (1992), 41-49. 21-Y. Lee, S. Lo, J. Kuo, C. Hsieh, Decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid by microwave activated persulfate: Effects of temperature, pH, and chloride ions, Frontiers Environ. Sci. Engin., 6(1) (2012), 17-25. 22-B. E. T. Soares, M. A. Lansarin, C. C. Moro, A study of process variables for catalytic degradation, Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 24(1) (2007) 29- 36. 23-A. H. Mcheik, M. M. El Jamal, Kinetic study of the decolorization of rhodamine B with persulphate, iron activation, Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 48(4) (2013) 357-365. 1

Getting Out Of Reach :: essays research papers

Getting Out of Reach Prescription drug prices are rising much faster than the rate of general consumer inflation. The most heavily affected are those who can least afford it, like older Americans living on fixed incomes, and the working poor with inadequate or no health insurance. The rise in drug prices is causing the public to ask why. The reasons include the immense research costs, consumer advertising and the growth of managed care. The continue rise in prescription drugs costs has touched off intense public debate on how best people can get some relief. Some politicians and consumer groups have pushed for some form of price controls. Drug companies oppose price regulations. They contend it would restrain innovation in an industry that invests billions of dollars annually on research. Joe Madera, a retired man in his late 60s living in Pomona, CA, pays more than $250 a month out of pocket for prescription drugs to maintain his diabetes under control. Medicare covers his doctor bi lls and any hospital visits, but the federal health program does not cover prescription. While this man’s household income is fixed, the cost of his medication just keeps going up. Most Americans do not feel the increase in drug prices directly because they purchase prescription medicines through their employee health plans or their HMOs, where they do not pay the full price, often making only a $10 or $20 co-payments. The rise in drug prices does hit this group indirectly. Many health insures have blamed higher drug cost as the reason behind hikes in medical premiums or restriction of benefits. One reason why retail prices are going up is hat the new generation of drugs is expensive to produce. The cost of research and developments are high. Creating a complex, genetically engineered drug versus producing a conventional drug is like the difference between manufacturing a Ford Escort car and designing a fine German Mercedes-Benz. Indeed, the process of taking a drug from the laboratory to the patient is a lengthy one, requiring years and costing millions of dollars. And success is not guaranteed. Often there is a huge difference between how a drug behaves in the test tube and how it acts on humans. New drugs typically require several phases of tests on humans to demonstrate that they work and do not produce serious side effects. Only one medicine out of five makes it through human clinical tests, a representative for the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America argue.

Nursing and Biomedical Research :: Health Care, Nurses

With unparalleled technological advancement, nursing and bio-medical research, and the present healthcare environment, nurses must be cognisant of their professional and personal views of ethics. Ethics are standards of behaviour, developed as a result of ones concept of right and wrong (Judson & Harrison, 2010), and are intended to influence the actions of healthcare professionals. Ethical principles help guide the decision-making process among healthcare workers in complicated situations. [Therefore] we cannot understand nursing unless we also understand ethics (Gallagher & Wainwright, 2005) There are many different ethical theories which can mainly be divided into three groups. These are Duty based, Goal based and Rights based theories. Deontology is a duty based ethical theory. This means that a moral person must always do their duty and must perform them â€Å"without exception, whatever the consequences† (Seedhouse, 2001). However, this theory has limitations and objections because it does not allow for conflict between duties, flexibility or compromises and these are all essential for health work. (Seedhouse, 2001) Goal based theories such as Utilitarianism, believe that what is morally right is determined by the good that is produced as the consequence of the action. The acts that achieved this were defined as â€Å"good† and those that produce â€Å"pain† were bad. (Rumbold, 2000) An objection with Utilitarianism is that because it is only concerned with the consequences, then even if an action was taken that was intentionally bad, it would still be ethically right if the eventual consequences were favourable. (Seedhouse, 2001) Dunbar (2003) states that there are four main ethical principles, these are beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and autonomy. The principle of beneficence is to do good for patients and to put their needs before your own (Rumbold, 1999 p217) and with beneficence comes the principle of non-maleficence meaning to do no harm. Rumbold (1999, p222) describes how in many nursing duties nurses have to â€Å"do harm† to our patients but only when it is alongside beneficence and the long-term goal is to do good by the patient. In not giving a patient assistance to eat their meals we are acting in a manner that these principles don’t support as there is no good that could arise from this. Beneficence is considered to be the caring ethic, as it guides us to work in the best interests of the patient but at the same time for the benefit of other patients, considering their rights to justice and fairness with their care (Kennedy, 2004).

City of Kelsey

City of Kelsey In the city of Kelsey there are a variety of people that live here. We are an enormous community with doctors, farmers, bankers, right down to your everyday blue collar workers and many more. The residents in the community have many different jobs. We have people that work the farms, teach our children, work the mills and those that are here to serve and protect us such as the police officers, firefighters and ambulance personnel essay writer vancouver.The community offers up a variety of opportunities for our members to gather together and socialize such the local fairs, where there are many chances for the members of the community to socialize and fellowship. The local mall also offers up a wide array of terrific shops and plenty of activities for community members to join in and have fun. The city has a nice blend of many different cultures and ethnicity which allows people of a race or culture to feel comfortable within.Each member of the community participates by helping and giving back to the community by volunteering their time, monies or resources that they have available. It is not a must that each member is required to give back, because as we all know there are always those that are less fortunate than others or perhaps could be struggling. The community members are to pull resources together to lend a helping hand where needed to those that need it. As a socially responsible community member I am compassionate and caring and respect my neighbors.I do my part to lend a helping hand whether it is acknowledged or not. I do my best to volunteer when I can, donate money or resources for a cause and actively work hard at being a good person. I take the time out of my life to make time for someone else or to give back to those that have done so much for the community. My family and friends are a top priority in my life, so I take the time to welcome new faces in the neighborhood, as well as keeping in touch with and caring for those that hav e lived in the community for years.

The Secrets Behind the Secret Life of Bees

Style Analysis English Honors 1 30 April 2012 The Secrets Behind The Secret Life of Bees Novelist Sue Monk Kidd in her book The Secret Life of Bees illustrates Lily Owens’ journey as she overcomes the irrationalities of racism, discovers the power of the female community, and defines the importance of storytelling. Kidd’s purpose is to convey that even though society might drag a person down, the person still has someone who believes in them. She also wants people to be able to understand how real racism and loneliness is, what one can do to rise above it, and how not to put all of ones’ dreams into one belief.Kidd uses vivid imagery, poetic devices and a unique dialogue to assist making the point of views on racism in the 1960’s, Lily’s journey to finding a true role model, and the truth she craves so deeply, clear. Kidd uses a unique display of the southern vernacular in her novel, to stress the racism that occurs in the setting of the book. To ex emplify the racism in the story, the characters in the novel talk in slang. When Rosaleen, Lily Owen’s companion and maid, pours tobacco juice on a white man’s shoe, Lily defines how bad the situation is because the man Rosaleen poured â€Å"snuff juice† on was â€Å"the biggest nigger-hater in Sylvan† (37-38).This makes the racism towards Rosaleen clear by the use of the derogatory word â€Å"nigger† in the dialogue. Use of this word creates a feeling of anger within the reader. Another example of how Kidd uses dialogue in the novel to enhance racism is near the end of the novel when Lily and Becca, sit at the tables in school. Lily is speaking to the reader and explaining how she and Becca â€Å"have reputations as â€Å"nigger lovers,† (301) because they hang around and stand up for Zach, Lily’s African-American crush.This displays one of the many irrationalities of racism by demonstrating how people can stereotype those who hang around colored people. Kidd also uses dialogue as an amazing device to express the mood and tone of the book. Near the end of the story, Zach converses with Lily. He says, â€Å"We can’t be together now, but one day, after I’ve gone away and become somebody, I’m gonna find you, and we’ll be together then† (231). Zach makes this comment because he realizes that racism exists in the world and takes it upon himself to become a bigger man and see through it.Overall, Sue Monk Kidd created the dialogue in the southern vernacular to help elevate the tone of the novel, help people better understand the setting and to assist the reader in envisioning the scenes. Sue Monk Kidd mainly resorts to the use of figurative language to help the audience better picture the events in the story. Kidd repeatedly uses imagery to creatively describe Lily’s surroundings and give life to it. In the very beginning of the novel, Lily pictures herself talking to her mot her about the gun incident. She pleads, â€Å"Mother, forgive. Please forgive† (3).Then she pictures her mom kissing her skin â€Å"till it grew chapped† (3) and telling her she was not to blame. Kidd uses this kind of view to show the audience of the book that Lily wants her mom to love her more than anything and that she wants the truth to the incident so the guilt she feels can vanish. Kidd also uses personification and metaphors many times within the novel. She uses these two poetic devices to add more character to Lily’s personality. The use of this kind of figurative language better depicts the tone and mood of any scene. Kidd uses figurative language a lot when she is describing Lily’s love life.For example, Lily speaks to the audience of the books when she says, â€Å"I can tell you this much, the world is a great big log thrown on the fires of love† (133). Lily comes to this conclusion at the end of chapter 7 after she has her first intima te interaction with Zach and has witnessed Neil and June have a fight. In these two very intense moments, she comes face to face with love and learns that it not only brings people together, but also sometimes drives people apart. Just moments before this quotation, Lily was driving with Zach when she realized, definitively, that she loved him.The figurative language in this quote helps enhance the fact that Lily has become more mature while staying with the Boatwright sisters. The last main element Sue Monk Kidd uses in her novel The Secret Life of Bees is imagery. Kidd mostly uses imagery to stress the importance of believing in storytelling and the power of the female community. In the middle of the novel, Lily is lying in bed hurt from the truth about her mother. She describes her confusion and stress of the situation by saying, â€Å"One minute I was dreaming of Zach and the next I was hungering for my mother, imagining her calling my name, saying, Lily, girl.You are my flower † (139). Kidd identifies the pain of being alone and the grief of truth through Lily. She uses imagery and diction in this quote to appeal to the emotion of sorrow within the audience. This conveys a stressful, confusing tone within the book. In the end of the novel, Kidd appeals to the joyful and compassionate emotions of the audience when Lily says, â€Å"I have more mothers than any eight girls off the street. They are the moons shining over me† (302). This incorporates figurative language along with imagery, the importance of mothers, and the power of the female community into it.The meaningfulness and joyfulness of this quote conveys a calming tone that reassures Lily will be well looked after in her future and that she is loved by many people without the irrationalities of racism. In conclusion, Sue Monk Kidd uses four main techniques in her novel. The first method is dialogue, which is meant to enhance the readers understanding of the setting and characters in th e novel. The second style is the use of figurative language, which is meant to describe Lily’s surroundings and give life to it. This also makes the text more interesting to read because the figurative language helps spice it up.The third aspect is imagery which is meant to draw readers in with a display of colorful words, images, and diction. Lastly, the use of the southern vernacular incorporated in Kidd’s work better personifies the characters’ actions and thoughts. It also helps the reader understand the setting of the novel better. Altogether, these techniques of writing in Kidd’s work help deeper explain the three main themes: the importance of storytelling, irrationalities of racism and the power of the female community. Works cited Kidd, Sue Monk. The Secret Life of Bees. New York: Penguin Group, 2002. Print.

Idea Vacation Essay

1. Enough Principle-By believing something will happen, it will. â€Å"You expect bad day and sure enough, sure enough, you get a bad day.† 2. Subconscious- The level of mind through which materials passes on the way towards full consciousness; an information store containing memories that are momentarily outside of awareness but that can easily be brought into consciousness. 3. Reticular Activity- A network of activities of neurons in the brainstem involving in consciousness, regulation of breathing; the transmission of sensory stimuli to high brain centers; a primary alert to awareness network that may function differently in vary degrees of consciousness. 4. Lock –on /Lock –out-An act whereby one has a limited perception of possibilities, problems, or solutions; a restricted narrow, or singular view of alternatives. Lock –on /Lock –out-An act whereby one has a limited perception of possibilities, problems, or solutions; a restricted narrow, or singular view of alternatives 5. Goal / Goal settings-The ac of establishing what we want. 6. Significant- To make a difference; may be positive or negative. 7. Awareness- An internal, subjective state of being cognizant or conscious of something; alert ness; consciousness. 8. Account ability; Responsible; answering for an outcome. 9. Belief- An emotional acceptance of a proposition, statement or doctrine. 10. Perception- Those mental processes that give coherence and unity to sensory input; a conscious event initiated by some external or internal events; an organized complex dependent on a host of other factors (attentions, constancy, motivation, illusions, etc. 1. 11. Scotomas – An expression to indicate that one fails to see or is blind to alternative and therefore can see only limited possibilities; a sensory locking out of information from our environment .

Case Assignment Essay

a. How did data analysis enable agility/flexibility? Conducting analysis provided SEJ with the opportunity to strategize locations of stores and deliveries of the right products at the right times. b. How did data analysis reduce leftover goods that were perishable? Through the identification of product type, time and frequency, SEJ was able to reduce leftover goods that were perishable. Also, considering weather, local area events, and holidays they were able to adjust their ordering. c. How did electronic data acquisition reduce ordering/delivery lead times? The orders were instantly sent and received by the vendor so the turn-around time was reduced. Trending these orders also allowed the vendors to be prepared with the items. d. What statistics did Seven-Eleven find that determined the success of a new store? They used several data points including, demographics for age, population, income etc. They considered local foot traffic, nearby schools, buildings and subways. They also balanced it with impacts of other local stores. e. How did Seven-Eleven share data electronically with its supply chain partners? They used their handheld terminals in each store to order directly through to the vendors. This data was also captured for analysis and transportation. 3. If you were to design an analogous information and data analysis system for DCMA to oversee contractors and subcontractors: a. What would the goals of that system be? For me trending issues with sub-tier suppliers should be addressed. Currently we are very poor at sharing information within our offices and across the organization. A large scale supply chain mapping, rating and tracking system with feedback from all employees would help in being predictive about potential delivery and quality issues. b. What data would you want to collect and how would you want to â€Å"data mine† it, or analyze the data to improve the performance of the contractor network and become aware of problems earlier? I would include both subjective and objective observations. Tracking delayed deliveries, their reasoning, CARs, Supplier CARs and supplier ratings or actions against their sub-tier would be the first step. I would also include subjective analysis by supply chain specialist to identify other areas of potential concern that may not have developed to the point of SCARs or delays.

Business and Management Free-Sample for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Business and management are interrelated with each other. Application of effective management techniques assists the personnel of panies and organizations to carry out the business activities efficiently. For the achievement of efficiency in business activities, raw materials are a crucial factor (Gollenia, 2016). Within this, adherence to the integrated structure helps the personnel to create and develop effective plans. Involvement of the employees, stakeholders and shareholders within this process helps the personnel to ensure the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed plans in terms of the identified and the specified requirements. Maintenance of consistency in the execution of evaluation brings to the forefront the potential drawbacks in the products and services. Exposure of spontaneity in rectification of the drawbacks reflects the corporate attitude of the personnel (Weske, 2012). Herein, lays the true essence of the aspect of management . All these aspects seem tru e for Westfarmers. Theoretical framework provides a clearer understanding about the basic concepts related to the management of business activities. One of these theories is the contingency theory, which pels the managers to put on their thinking caps in terms of taking decisions for the betterment of the panies and organizations (Fadun, 2013). Maintaining pace with the current trends is an important proposition of this theory. This alignment helps the personnel of Westfarmers to maintain their position within the Australian market. Involvement of the employees, stakeholders, shareholders and agency partners in the decision-making process proves beneficial for Westfarmers in ensuring the effectiveness of the proposed plans in terms of the identified and specified requirements (Wong et al., 2014). Along with the contingency theory, systems theory proves beneficial for Westfarmers in terms of achieving successful pletion of the business activities. Viewing it from other perspectives, systems theory helps the personnel of Westfarmers to ensure the presence of defects within the devices. This reflects the consciousness of the personnel towards bestowing productive energy to the buyers. Hiring experts for detecting the presence of virus attacks or hacking interventions is an indication of effective utilization of systems theory by the Westfarmers personnel. Delving deep into the functionality of Westfarmers, for the production of efficient and productive energy, technologically advanced machines are required (Zhang & Wang, 2012). Negligence in this direction deprives the Westfarmers personnel from getting uninterrupted current flow for manufacturing efficient energy resources. This negligence is also an obstacle in terms of ensuring the smooth functioning of the internal parts of the devices. On the contrary, market research in terms of getting the advanced machines. However, ensuring financial flexibility is crucial for adopting mahines, whih aligns with the modern tehnology (Jeston & Nelis, 2014). Evaluation of the seleted device helps the personnel to ensure the effectiveness and applicability of the selected device in terms of the identified and specified requirements. Maintenance of consistency in the execution of evaluation brings noticeable improvements in the performance of Westfarmers. Exposure of consistency towards the evaluation upgrades the status of the Westfarmers in terms of enjoying petitive advantage over the contemporary brands. One of the noticeable facts within this is the adherence and pliance to the petitive policies, which helps the Westfarmers personnel to indulge into fair trades, transactions and deals with the contemporary brands (Fleischmann et al., 2014). The â€Å"fairness† in the earlier sentence aligns with the factor of quality, which is one of the major factors for attaining customer satisfaction. In order to manage the business activities, Westfarmers personnel abide by an integrated structure. As a matter of specification, within the management e ponents, such as sales, operations, finance and human resource management. Finance is an agent, which aters to the effective management of sales operations and human resource management. Flexibility in the financial aspect helps the Westfarmer personnel to introduce prospective schemes, offers and discounts for the buyers. Simultaneously with the success, failures also find its way. Countering this, emerging successful in ove ing the failures, qualifies Westfarmers as leader within the brands struggling for a firm place in the petitive market of Australia (Becker, Kugeler & Rosemann, 2013). The effective coordination between the functional units of the departments is the keystone towards managing the crisis period. The major drive behind this is the pliance to the risk assessment process, which is assistance towards reducing the i ntensity of the potential risk factors. Identification of the risks and their causes solves half of the problem. Application of known solutions further eases out the process of risk assessment. In case of failures, application of alternate solutions reflects the conscious attitude of the Westfarmer personnel in terms of ensuring the wellbeing of the customers (Weiss, 2014). Along with this, rating the risks projects the confidence of the personnel towards reducing the intensity of the risk factors. Emerging successful in this direction adds value to the roles and responsibilities of the managers. Involvement of the employees, stakeholders, shareholders and agency partners in this risk assessment process helps the organizational personnel in terms of ensuring the effectiveness of the implemented solution for carrying out the business activities (Rosemann & Brocke, 2015). Herein, lays the conjoined significance of business and management. Adherence and pliance to the risk assessment p rocess is an additional assistance in terms of reducing the instances of harassments, discriminations, conflicts among others. Apart from risk assessment, training forms an important ponent for Westfarmers personnel in terms of managing the business activities. Frequent training programs improve the grasping power of the employees on the basic management skills. Providing training to the employees on the operation of the devices brings efficiency in the business activities of the organization. Taking post-training tests enables the managers to test the capability of the employees to make practical application of the learnt skills in the workplace operations (Dumas et al., 2013). Moreover, trainings also prove essential in handling the emergency situations in an effective manner. Provision of adequate motivation and encouragement by the managers generates an urge among the employees to expose better performance. Maintenance of consistency from both sides in this context results in the exposure of professional performance of the Westfarmers personnel. Conscious attitude towards the reduction of carbon and smoke emission enhances the corporate social responsibilities of the organization (Chang, 2016). As a matter of specification, boycotting the utilization of carbon footprints in the manufacture of the energy resources proves advantageous for the organization, Westfarmers in mitigating the health hazards of the customers. This action expands the reputational status of the organization into a widespread one. Exposure of consciousness in this direction uplifts the corporate attitude of the personnel. This results in the establishment of professionalism in the workplace of the organization (Hutt & Speh, 2012). Provision of safe and fortable workplace to the employees results in the outpour of creative output, which takes the organization, Westfarmers to achieve high growth rate and a sound profit margin. Adoption of social media helps the organization, Westfarmers to expand the business. Putting the news of the newly launched devices makes the investors aware of the organizational issues. The means of social media supports the organization to increase the trafficking of the audience towards the brand image (Aalst, 2013). Levying authentic information to the customers, agency partners enhances the brand awareness of the organization. One of the noticeable features about Westfarmers is the effective management of human resources. Provision of training on the effective and judicious utilization of the organizational resources adds efficiency in the business activities. Viewing it from other perspective, this efficiency contradicts the issues of inadequate stock of raw materials. Attaching the concept of soial media here, advertising authentic information about the recruitment process systematizes the management of human resources (Rà ¶glinger, Pà ¶ppelbuß & Becker, 2012). Herein, management and business can be placed in an equal alignment, which establishes relevancy with the requirements of the discussion. Emerging successful in ove ing the challenges attains a different connotation towards management. Herein, the statement, â€Å"Failures are the stepping stones of success†, b es tautologically true. Dedication and mitment towards upgrading the services adds color to the steps, which leads to the path of success. On the contrary, negligence in this direction aggravates the hardness of the stones, which detach the organization from the identified and specified business requirements (Hutt & Speh, 2012). Herein, lays the interplay with the phases of success and failure of the organization, which adds value to the discussion. On the other hand, this interplay can be aligned with the organizational capability to restore lost glory and honor within the petitive ambience of the market. Different parameters of management helps Westfarmers broaden the perspectives of the managers. Risk assessment brings to the forefront the areas on which training needs to be delivered to the employees.   Effective and judicious utilization of the provided training adds efficiency in the business activities of the organization (Chang, 2016). Within this, utilization of the means, such as, social media acts as a promotional activity for the organization in terms of achieving large scale ustomer satisfaction. Specifically, execution of marketing mix supports the organization to align with their mission, vision and core values. Consciousness of the personnel in this direction adds to the organizational culture, which provides a better placement to the organization within the Australian market. Becker, J., Kugeler, M., & Rosemann, M. (Eds.). (2013).  Process management: a guide for the design of business processes. Springer Science & Business Media. Chang, J. F. (2016).  Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Dumas, M., La Rosa, M., Mendling, J., & Reijers, H. A. (2013).  Fundamentals of business process management  (Vol. 1, p. 2). Heidelberg: Springer. Fadun, O. S. (2013). Risk management and risk management failure: Lessons for business enterprises.  International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,  3(2), 225. Fleischmann, A., Schmidt, W., Stary, C., Obermeier, S., & Brger, E. (2014).  Subject-oriented business process management. Springer Publishing pany, Incorporated. Gollenia, L. A. (2016).  Business Transformation Management Methodology. Routledge. Hutt, M. D., & Speh, T. W. (2012).  Business marketing management: B2B. Cengage Learning. Jeston, J., & Nelis, J. (2014).  Business process management. Routledge. Rà ¶glinger, M., Pà ¶ppelbuß, J., & Becker, J. (2012). Maturity models in business process management.  Business Process Management Journal,  18(2), 328-346. Rosemann, M., & vom Brocke, J. (2015). The six core elements of business process management. In  Handbook on business process management 1  (pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Van Der Aalst, W. M. (2013). Business process management: a prehensive survey.  ISRN Software Engineering,  2013. Weiss, J. W. (2014).  Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Weske, M. (2012). Business process management architectures. In  Business Process Management  (pp. 333-371). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wong, W. P., Tseng, M. L., & Tan, K. H. (2014). A business process management capabilities perspective on organisation performance.  Total Quality Management & Business Excellence,  25(5-6), 602-617. Zhang, P., & Wang, C. (2012). The evolution of social merce: an examination from the people, business, technology, and information perspective.

Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment - Comparing Entrepreneurs Assignment

Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment - Comparing Entrepreneurs from different Industries- Ratan Tata & Warren Buffett - Assignment Example Ratan began his schooling at Campion School and finished the secondary education at John Connon School. He later joined Cornell University for a Bachelor of Science in structural engineering thereby graduating in 1962. Ratan joined the Harvard Business School in 1975 for an Advanced Management Program. Tata’s career beginnings in 1961 involved shoveling limestone and managing the blast furnace at Tata Steel. Thirty years later, J.R.D stepped down as the director of Tata Sons thereby endorsing Ratan as his successor. Ratan’s superb management and entrepreneurial skills created significant success for the company. For instance, the conglomerate acquired Tetley, Jaguar land Rover, and Corus thereby transforming from an Indian Company to a global one. The company currently sources 65% of its revenues from abroad. Ratan highly participated in the creation of Tata Nano, the world’s least costly passenger car. On December 2012, Ratan retired from his chief executive responsibility thereby becoming a chairman emeritus of Tata Group. Ratan continues making new deals and eyeing the evolving business opportunities such as e-commerce. He has also continued a close working relationship with the British Jaguar Land Rover Company. Ratan Tata has other duties both in India and abroad. For instance, he is a member and a contributor in the country’s Trade and Industry ministry. In addition, he is part of the jury of Pritzker Architecture Prize, which is considered an influential prize giving program for architectures. Globally, Ratan possesses key duties. For instance, he is a dean’s advisor at Harvard Business School. His significant contributions to the contemporary society has made earn numerous awards. In 2008, the Government of India awarded Ratan Padma Vibhushan, which is one of the highest civilian honors. Warren Buffett was born in Omaha, in 1930. He is among the three children of the late Congressman, Howard Buffett. Howard