How far would you agree that plural societies in South East essays

Supply and Demand Essays

Gracefully and Demand Essays Gracefully and Demand Essay Gracefully and Demand Essay section: 3 Supply and Demand Krugman/Wells Economics  ©2009 ? Worth Publishers WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS CHAPTER ? ? ? ? ? What a serious market is and how it is portrayed by the flexibly and request model What the interest bend and gracefully bend are The distinction between developments along a bend and moves of a bend How the gracefully and request bends decide a market’s harmony cost and balance amount For the situation of a deficiency or overflow, how value moves the market back to balance 2 of 42 Supply and Demand ? A serious market: ? ? Numerous purchasers and merchants Same great or administration ? ? The flexibly and request model is a model of how a serious market functions. Five key components: ? ? ? ? ? Request bend Supply bend Demand and gracefully bend shifts Market harmony Changes in the market balance 3 of 42 Demand Schedule ? An interest plan shows the amount of a decent or administration shoppers will need to purchase at various costs. Request Schedule for Coffee Beans Price of espresso beans (per pound) Quantity of espresso beans requested (billions of pounds) $2. 00 1. 75 7. 1 7. 5 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 8. 1 8. 9 10. 0 11. 5 14. 2 of 42 Demand Curve Price of espresso bean (per gallon) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 An interest bend is the graphical portrayal of the interest plan; it shows the amount of a decent or administration shoppers need to purchase at some random cost. As value rises, the amount requested falls Demand bend, D 0 7 9 11 13 15 17 Quantity of espresso beans (billio ns of pounds) 5 of 42 GLOBAL COMPARISON Pay More, Pump Less†¦ ? Cost of gas (per gallon) Germany Because of high assessments, gas and diesel fuel are more than twice as costly in most European nations as in the United States. As indicated by the law of interest, Europeans should purchase less gas than Americans, and they do: Europeans expend not exactly half as much fuel as Americans, for the most part since they drive littler vehicles with better mileage. $8 7 6 United Kingdom Italy France Spain ? 5 4 3 Japan Canada United States 0. 2 0. 6 1. 0 1. 4 0 Consumption of fuel (gallons every day per capita) 6 of 42 An Increase in Demand ? ? An expansion in the populace and different components produce an expansion sought after †an ascent in the amount requested at some random cost. This is spoken to by the two interest plans one indicating request in 2002, preceding the ascent in populace, the other demonstrating request in 2006, after the ascent in populace. Request Schedules for Coffee Beans Quantity of espresso beans requested (billions of pounds) Price of espresso beans (per pound) in 2002 out of 2006 $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 7. 1 7. 5 8. 1 8. 9 10. 0 11. 5 14. 2 8. 5 9. 0 9. 7 10. 7 12. 0 13. 8 17. 0 7 of 42 An Increase in Demand Price of espresso beans (per gallon) $2. 00 Increase in populace ? more espresso consumers 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 Demand bend in 2006 Request bend in 2002 7 9 11 13 D 1 D 17 2 15 Quantity of espresso beans (billions of pounds) A move of the interest bend is an adjustment in the amount requested at some random cost, spoke to by the difference in the first interest bend to another position, signified by another interest bend. 8 of 42 Movement Along the Demand Curve Price of espresso beans (per gallon) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 A C †¦ isn't a similar thing as a development along the interest bend B A move of the interest curve†¦ A development along the interest bend is an adjustment in the amount requested of a decent that is the consequence of an adjustment in that good’s cost. 1. 00 0. 75 . 50 D 7 8. 1 9. 7 10 13 1 D 17 2 0 15 Quantity of espresso beans (billions of pounds) 9 of 42 Shifts of the Demand Curve Price Increase popular A â€Å"increase in demand† A â€Å"decrease in demand†, implies a leftward move of rightward move of the interest bend: at some random cost, shoppers request a littler amount bigger amount than previously. (D1? D3) (D1? D2) Decrease sought after D 3 D 1 D 2 Quantity 10 of 42 What Causes a Demand Curve to Shift? ? Changes in the Prices of Related Goods ? Substitutes: Two merchandise are substitutes if a fall in the cost of one of the products makes purchasers less ready to purchase the other great. Supplements: Two merchandise are supplements if a fall in the cost of one great makes individuals all the more ready to purchase the other great. ? 11 of 42 What Causes a Demand Curve to Shift? ? Changes in Income ? ? Typical Goods: When an ascent in pay expands the interest for a decent the ordinary case we state that the great is an ordinary decent. Second rate Goods: When an ascent in salary diminishes the interest for a decent, it is a sub-par great. ? ? Changes in Tastes Changes in Expectations 12 of 42 Individual Demand Curve and the Market Demand Curve The market request bend is the flat whole of the individual interest bends of all buyers in that advertise. (a) (b) (c) Darla’s Individual Demand Curve Price of espresso beans (per pound) Price of espresso beans (per pound) Dino’s Individual Demand Curve Price of espresso beans (per pound) Market Demand Curve $2 DMarket 1 DDarla DDino 0 20 30 Quantity of espresso beans (pounds) 0 10 20 Quantity of espresso beans (pounds) 0 30 40 50 Quantity of espresso beans (pounds) 13 of 42 Supply Schedule ? A flexibly plan shows the amount of a decent or administration would be provided at various costs. Gracefully Schedule for Coffee Beans Price of espresso beans (per pound) Quantity of espresso beans provided (billions of pounds) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 11. 6 11. 5 11. 2 10. 7 10. 0 9. 1 8. 0 14 of 42 Supply Curve Price of espresso beans (per pound) Supply bend, S $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 9 11 13 A gracefully bend shows graphically the amount of a decent or administration individuals are happy to sell at some random cost. As value rises, the amount provided rises. 15 17 Quantity of espresso beans (billions of pounds) 15 of 42 An Increase in Supply ? ? The section of Vietnam Supply Schedule for Coffee Beans into the espresso bean Quantity of beans provided Price of business produced espresso beans (billions of pounds) an expansion in (per pound) Before passage After section flexibly an ascent in the amount provided at $2. 00 11. 6 13. 9 any given cost. 1. 75 11. 5 13. 8 This occasion is 1. 50 11. 2 13. 4 spoke to by the 1. 25 10. 7 12. 8 two gracefully plans one 1. 00 10. 0 12. 0 demonstrating flexibly before 0. 75 9. 1 10. 9 Vietnam’s passage, the 0. 50 8. 0 9. 6 other indicating flexibly after Vietnam came in. 16 of 42 An Increase in Supply Price of espresso beans (per pound) S $2. 0 1 S 2 Vietnam enters espresso bean business ? more espresso makers 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 A development along the flexibly curve†¦ †¦ isn't a similar thing as a move of the gracefully bend 9 11 13 15 17 Quantity of espresso beans (billions of pounds) A move of the gracefully bend is an adjustment in the amount provid ed of a decent at some random cost. 17 of 42 Movement Along the Supply Curve Price of espresso beans (per pound) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 10 11. 2 12 A C †¦ isn't a similar thing as a move of the gracefully bend 15 17 A development along the flexibly curve†¦ S 1 S 2 B Quantity of espresso beans (billions of pounds) A development along the flexibly bend is an adjustment in the amount provided of a decent that is the aftereffect of an adjustment in that good’s cost. 18 of 42 Shifts of the Supply Curve Price S 3 S 1 S 2 Increase in gracefully Any â€Å"increase in â€Å"decrease in supply† implies a leftward move of the rightward move of the flexibly bend: at some random cost, there is an a reduction in the expansion in the amount provided. (S1? S2) S3) Decrease in gracefully Quantity 19 of 42 What Causes a Supply Curve to Shift? ? ? ? ? ? Changes in input costs ? An information is a decent that is utilized to create another great. Changes in the costs of related products and enterprises Changes in innovation Changes in desires Changes in the quantity of makers 20 of 42 Individual Supply Curve and the Market Supply Curve The market gracefully bend is the flat entirety of the individual flexibly bends of all organizations in that advertise. (a) Price of espresso beans (per pound) (b) Price of espresso beans (per pound) (c) Market Supply Curve Price of espresso beans (per pound) Mr. Figueroa’s Individual Supply Curve SFigueroa Mr. Bien Pho’s Individual Supply Curve S Pho Bien $2 S Market 1 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 Quantity of espresso beans (pounds) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Quantity of espresso beans (pounds) Quantity of espresso beans (pounds) 21 of 42 Supply, Demand and Equilibrium ? Harmony in a serious market: when the amount requested of a decent equivalents the amount provided of that great. The cost at which this happens is the harmony value (a. k. a. showcase clearing cost): ? ? Each purchaser finds a vender and the other way around. The amount of the great purchased and sold at that cost is the balance amount. ? 22 of 42 Market Equilibrium Price of espresso beans (per pound) Supply 2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 Market harmony happens at point E, where the gracefully bend and the interest bend meet. Harmony value 1. 00 0. 75 E Equilibrium 0. 50 0 7 10 Equilibrium amount 13 Demand 15 17 Quantity of espresso beans (billions of pounds) 23 of 42 Surplus Price of espresso beans (per pound) Supply $2. 00 1. 75 Surplus 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 E There is an excess of a decent when the am ount provided surpasses the amount requested. Surpluses happen when the cost is over its harmony level. 0. 50 0 7 8. 1 10 11. 2 13 Demand 15 17 Quantity of espresso beans (billions of pounds) Amount requested Quantity provided 24 of 42 Shortage Price of espresso beans (per pound) $2. 00 1. 75 Supply 1. 50 1. 25 There is a lack of a decent when the amount requested surpasses the amount provided. Deficiencies happen when the cost is beneath its harmony level. 1. 00 0. 75 E 0. 50 0 7 9. 1 Shortage Demand 13 15 17 Quantity of espresso beans (

Sample TOEFL Integrated Essay Trans Lunar Phenomena

Sample TOEFL Integrated Essay Trans Lunar Phenomena Sample TOEFL Integrated EssayThe QuestionThis integrated question is taken from aKorean textbookwhich you probably wont be able to find. Sadly, I am unable to provide the lecture and reading here for you, but if you need some practice tests I strongly recommend buying the new version of theOfficial TOEFL iBT Tests Collection. Its an excellent source of practice questions!.Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this page. This service is a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the big day. Sign up today.The Sample Essay The reading and the lecture are both about transient lunar phenomena (TLP), which are short color changes that are occasionally seen on the surface of the moon. The reading presents three possible explanations for this phenomenon, but the lecturer feels that none of these explanations are plausible. To begin with, the aut hor suggests that the TLP are caused by gas found beneath the moon’s surface which is sometimes ejected into the atmosphere. It is argued that this theory is supported by the fact that TLPs are often seen near craters which the gas can escape from. The lecturer casts doubt on this claim. He says that it is just a coincidence that the TLPs are seen near craters, which are the most common feature of the moon. He observes that a NASA probe which detected gas near a major crater might have only found a small amount of it. Secondly, the author observes that the TLPS might just be bright clouds of dust floating above the surface of the moon. It is mentioned that this dust can reflect light, leading to the observed phenomenon. The lecturer, in contrast, says that dust clouds would have to be massive in order to be observed from Earth. However, there is no evidence of a large amount of dust on the moon. Thirdly, the author posts that TLPs might be a product of solar radiation. The article notes that magnetic storms occurring on the sun release radiation which might illuminate certain sections of the lunar landscape. The lecturer challenges this assertion. He points out that the dates when TLPs have been observed do not match the dates of known solar flares. He observes that for the most part, there is no relationship between these two events.NoteThis is a sample TOEFL integrated essay written by a native speaker. It follows our master guide for TOEFL integrated essays. If you find it useful, please remember that we have many more sample essaysfor you to read!

Ethical And Philosophical Nature Of Human Rights - 2452 Words

Our century is rich in the greatest discoveries in all fields of science and technology that had changed the quality of our lives. Perhaps one of the main branches of knowledge that will shape the world in the XXI century is genetics. That relatively young science has always been associated with lots of controversies and debates. That is, in my opinion, correlates with the course themes of Ideology and Inquiry, and secondly Origins and Politics of human rights. However, recent progression in genetics and genetic engineering have made it possible to change the very nature of the mankind, thus uprising many questions of ethical and philosophical nature. Personally speaking, in choosing the topic for the essay I were mainly interested†¦show more content†¦In fact, the background information of mine is quite limited in a sense that I have never experienced a chance to face cloning in reality, however the idea of it that I gathered from the movies and other sources of social medi a, made me interested in going deeply into research in order to find out whether I am for or against cloning. Cloning is typically defined as the production of cells or organisms with the same nuclear genomes that of the other cell or organism. Accordingly, by cloning can create any living organism that is identical to exist or have existed. This process potentially gives all humans incredible opportunities. Nevertheless, there are many arguments both for and against cloning. But mostly these opinions are formed on the basis of incomplete study of this problem and the one and the other side does not posses the full range of information on the subject, and often replaces misunderstandings with guesses that are not consistent with the scientific points of view. Furthermore, we will try to understand both benefits and negative consequences of cloning animals and humans. At first, I will consider cloning phenomenon and its process, and secondly, I will consider the ethical dimension of this phenomenon. In fact, a clone – is just an identical twin of another person, delayed from the time. However, science fiction novels and movies created a stigma that human

Essay on The Minimum Wage Must Be Increased - 1575 Words

No family gets rich from earning the minimum wage. In fact, the current minimum wage does not even lift a family out of poverty. -- Jon Corzine Many people can think back and remember what it was like to put in an application for that first job and be presented with a position. Taking that position represents adulthood and is a very exciting time for a young person. All first jobs usually start with a minimum wage. Minimum wage is the minimum an employer has to pay an unskilled worker based on the regulations set forth by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) that was originally established in 1938. As people think back about their first jobs they can also remember what the minimum wage was when they took that position.†¦show more content†¦The FLSA regulates this to ensure that the employers are paying fair wages to their employee’s. FLSA also regulates hours worked by an employee to ensure that an employer is paying time and one half for all hours worked past forty in a work week. Minimum wages are different in some states. Many states also have state minimum wage laws. Below you will see an example of how state law minimum wage and federal minimum wage compares. Consolidated State Minimum Wage Update Table (Effective Date: 01/01/2010) Federal MW = Federal MW of $7.25 Federal MW No MW Required AK – 7.75 AZ AR – 6.25 AL CA – 8.00 DE CO – 7.24 LA CT – 8.25 FL GA – 5.15 MS DC – 8.25 HI MN – 6.15 SC IL – 8.00 IA WY – 5.15 TN MA – 8.00 ID ME – 7.50 IN MI – 7.40 KS NV – 7.55 KY NM – 7.50 MD OH – 7.30 MO OR – 8.30 MT RI – 7.40 NE VT – 8.06 NH WA – 8.55 NJ NC ND OK PA SD TX UT VA WV WI 14 STATES PLUS DC 26 STATES 5 STATES 5 STATES States such as Tennessee and Alabama do not have a minimum wage law within the state, so workers would get the $7.25 in these states as a starting wage. States such as California and New Mexico have both the federal and state wage laws. This means the worker would be entitled to the higher of the two wages as a starting wage. Looking at the visual above there are some states that pay below minimum wage. Twenty six states follow the minimumShow MoreRelated The Minimum Wage Must Be Increased Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesends meet like higher wages. †¦ And to everyone in this Congress who still refuses to raise the minimum wage, I say this: If you truly believe you could work full-time and support a family on less than $15,000 a year, go try it. If not, vote to give millions of the hardest-working people in America a raise.† –President Obama, State of the Union address, Jan. 20, 2014 In the 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama called on Congress to raise the national minimum wage from $7.25 to $10Read MoreThe Effects Of Minimum Wage On The Economy1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects Minimum Wage on the Economy The controversial topic about increasing minimum wage is debated countless times over the years. Minimum wage is the lowest wage an employer can pay an employee permitted by law. The contemporary federal minimum wage is $7.25. Minimum wage applies to all domestic workers but teenagers are the main receivers of minimum wage. Minimum wage has a major effect on the economy. The question is are the effects positive or negative. There are many arguments on whetherRead MoreShould The Miniumum Wage Be Increased? No?1477 Words   |  6 PagesShould the Miniumum Wage be Increased? No. In recent times, Congress has been spending a great deal of time advocating increasing the federal minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10. Most democrats support the proposal; however, most republicans oppose it. The greatest reason republicans have to oppose a minimum wage increase is that the jobs lost from an increase outweigh the benefits of paying higher wages to workers who keep their jobs, and that a majority of those earning the wage are students who areRead MoreJob Openings And Labor Turnover Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesTurnover in the Restaurants and hotels Employees play a pivotal role in delivering customer service to customers and generally speaking companies are aware of that role. However, companies seek out every avenue necessary to keep internal cost at a minimum while being able to offer price commitment. A great deal of these cost reduction strategies maybe the cause of the increase in the latest turnover number in 2014. It was reported that for the past four years prior to 2014 there has been an increaseRead MoreMinimum Wage Persuasive Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pages2013 Persuasive Essay $7.25 equals two gallons of gas, one fast food meal, or a simple school supply. With the minimum wage at the current rate you must work one hour to earn the seven dollars and twenty-five cents that only supply you with small necessities for everyday living. This problem was encountered before and was resolved with the agreement to higher the minimum wage from $5.85 to the current $7.25. Although that was a big increase in salaries, was it truly enough? This controversyRead MoreMinimum Wage At The United States1129 Words   |  5 Pagesintended to raise the current minimum wage floor of $7.25 in the United States stalled in Congress. As the November election approaches, many Democratic senate members are placing the issue of minimum wage at the forefront of their election campaigns, hoping to sway working-class voters in their favor. The issue of minimum wage has become a matter of politics, politics which far overshadow the far more pertinent concern of minimum wage’s econom ic effects. Minimum wage is a complex issue, and understandingRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised910 Words   |  4 Pagesmaximize the American Dream on the minimum wage† (Benjamin Todd Jealous). In 1938, minimum wage was created by the federal government in order to protect workers by ensuring a minimum of twenty-five cents per hour worked. Though President Roosevelt had the right idea in protecting the workforce, something needs to be done to ensure that Americans are getting a reasonable amount of money for the amount of hours they have worked. As Benjamin Todd Jealous stated, minimum wage is not enough for the averageRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1639 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum wage is one of the many microeconomic policies that serve to correct imbalance in the economy. It is defined as the lowest amount of remuneration required of an employer to pay his employees during a given period of work. There exist different laws in different states that can fix the min imum wage policy. A current economic issue is minimum wage, or specifically, its pertinence to social inequality. Many sectors of society would be affected by changes in this policy. Minimum wage relies onRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Policy During The United States1714 Words   |  7 Pagesincrease the federal minimum wage. Headlines throughout the country highlight recent minimum wage policy changes in major cities such as Los Angeles and Seattle. Last month, Governor Andrew Cuomo of New York announced an approved minimum wage increase to $15 an hour for all fast food workers in the state (McGeehan). Even the website for the White House has a separate page, â€Å"Raise the Wage,† advocating for Congress to increase the federal minimum wage to $10.10 an hour (Raise the Wage). The most commonlyRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1176 Words   |  5 Pageswork weeks at minimum wage can be insufficient to provide for life’s necessities. Many minimum wage workers must supplem ent their income with taxpayer-funded federal assistance programs in addition to working beyond the standard 40 hour work week. There is an economical and ethical imperative to increase the pay of low-income workers, and this can most effectively be done by raising the federally established minimum wage. The federal government assumed responsibility for ensuring wage fairness by implementing

Mongol Empire Free Essays

Mongol Empire Free Essays Wenda Qian MGMT 470 02/26/2013 Mongolia Mongolia is landlocked country between China and Russia; it is located in north Asia, and the current population is 2. 87 million. Ulan Bator is the  capital  and the largest city; there are about 45% of the population lives in there. We will write a custom essay sample on Mongol Empire or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mongolia’s  political system  is a  parliamentary republic, multi-party system including 16 parties; and it is a member of the United Nation. I decide to interview a Mongolian, because as a Chinese, I have never been familiar with this neighbor. My interviewee is called Anka, she is my good friend, a financial major student, we know each other for three years, and I often play basketball with her brother. Anka was sent to a Chinese school when she was 6, she learned Chinese for almost 12 years, so her Chinese is perfect. In Mongolia, Chinese school is very expensive. Her father think learning Chinese is useful to do businesses; in order to enhance the communication and business between Mongolia and China, they can come to China without a visa. The interview took place in the library. Before the interview, I made some research about Mongolia’s history. In 1203 AD, Mongolia was founded by nomadic tribal groupings under the leadership of Genghis Khan; the meaning of name is â€Å"universal king†. Mongolian was very good at fighting wars; China was briefly ruled by Mongolia in Yuan dynasty. From 1691 to 1911, Mongolia was controlled by the Manchu, China was also, thus Mongolia was a province of the Qin dynasty at that time. After the Manchu fall in 1911, the Russian Government forced the new Chinese Republican Government to accept Mongolian autonomy under continued Chinese control. At long last the Mongolian People’s Republic was proclaimed on November 25, 1924. The relationship between Tibet and Mongolia are old and deep, Tibetan Buddhism became a major religion among Mongolian people, but religion was prohibited in 1930, a lot of monks were arrested. Until 1990, freedom of religion again came back to Mongolia. Democratic Revolution also occurred in early 1990, it ended the 70-years domination of socialism. For the culture, I start with language and religion; there are 21 ethnic groups in Mongolia, but they speak the same language, just a little different pronunciations, but they are all able to understand each other. In China, there is a province called In-Mongolia, but the Mongolian ethnic group of China can’t communicate with Mongolian, the language is mostly different. There are 95% of the populations in Mongolia follow Buddhism, most of them are old people, the other 5% follow Christianity which is a new religion appear in Mongolia for recent 5-6 years, and young people are the majority. For marriage customs, currently Mongolian people follow the western style with wedding dress; the traditional marriage custom is Mongolia cheongsam in green and yellow. In Mongolia, the legal marriage age is 18 for both male and female, most choose to marry at 19 years old. Young people have marriage freedom now, they can choose their lover, it is not decided by father as before, and male’s parents are required to go to female’s home to propose marriage, female doesn’t change the family name after marriage. During the wedding, both man and woman have to hold a blue silk with sliver cup fill with wine on the right hand, every friend and relative sip the wine from the sliver cup. Many Mongolian families have 2-3 kids, and the women go to work, very few stay at home to be a housewife. The exactly same as China, Mongolia also has a spring festival; it is the one of two big traditional holidays in Mongolia, people wear white cheongsam in spring festival, and the color means â€Å"lucky†. The last day before the spring festival, people have to eat foods from the morning to the night, they can’t be hungry at that day, and the foods include dumpling, horse meat and milk tea. From the Lunar New Year’s day to the third day, Mongolian put a very big meat on the table, family and visitor can eat it. The other traditional holiday is naadam (July 11-13), people watch wrestling, horse racing and archery contests on TV, and eat meat pie. Mongolian people like to eat meat much more than vegetable. For economic, Mongolia’s main exports partner is China, the trades include mineral products, natural or cultured stones, jewelry, textiles, animal origin products, hides and skins. Mongolia’s main import partners are Russia and China, the trades include mineral products, machinery, equipment, electric appliances, recorders, TV sets and spare parts, vehicles, food products and base metals. The Mongolian government put more and more attentions on education; the educational system is 4 years for primary school, 5 years for middle school and 3 years for high school. Because Mongolia uses compulsory educational system, when the children meet the school age, the government will force their parents to send the children to school. After graduating from high school, students have to take a college entrance examination, it would judge their ability to go to college, it is the same educational system in China. The Mongolian government focus on infrastructure, but the road condition is not good. However, along with economic growth, the other infrastructure such as railways and airports develop fast, in general, they are getting better. The business opportunities are immense in Mongolia, this country develops quickly, and they have young and well-educated people, but they also face many challenges. Mongolia is a landlocked country; the transportation is expensive, and the environment issue such as air pollution. With globalization of world economy, Asia plays a bigger role than before; Mongolia is a part of it. However, this country is still very young, even though it has a very long history. They need to know how to attract more foreign investments and tourists. Based on these points, Mongolia will obtain more success. Interview 1. What is the most different you think between Mongolia and America? Food, chicken and pork are very expensive in Mongolia, but they are much cheaper in America. And it is really hard to find Mongolian foods in America. (Chicken and pork are not expensive in China, I think the biggest difference is culture and value, food is also an important factor) 2. So, what is your favorite Mongolian food? Horse meat, camel meat and dumpling. I didn’t know horse and camel can be kinds of food before, I was shocked when she told me that, but I will like to try them if it is possible) 3. What is the most common sport in Mongolia? Nowadays, I think basketball and soccer are very popular now. (I agree, basketball is also common in China) 4. Is electronic products popular in Mongolia? Yes, especially iPod products, many people buy them, HP computer is als o popular. Compare Japanese electronic product, Mongolian people prefers American electronic products. (In China, Japanese, Korean and American products are all popular, I don’t think these products have too many ifference) 5. What are the roles of the women in Mongolia when it comes to business? Women go to work now, and they gain more freedom and rights than before. (It is the same in China) 6. Does Mongolian yurt still exist now? Yes, shepherds still live in the Mongolian yurt. People like to live in the apartment now, and the walls are thick, thus the noisy won’t affect the neighbor. (Yurt was the old house for Mongolian people in the past, now they have better choices) 7. Is college entrance examination difficult in Mongolia? Yes, the math is very hard, but there still are 35%-40% of students can go to college. Math is my nightmare; there is also college entrance examination in China, only few can go to college, now there are more and more) 8. Do you think doing b usiness between Russia and Mongolia is similar with doing business between China and Mongolia? In the past, we did a lot of businesses with Russia; we trade clothes, foods and animal fur, because the wolves are few in Russia, so the furs are very expensive. Currently, it is prohibited to sell furs, but still happens in the black market. Nowadays, we have many deals with China; it is similar with doing business with Russia. Along with globalization, more and more communications will appear) 9. Is car getting common in Mongolia? Japanese and Korean cars are popular in Mongolia, because they are comfortable, the seats are soft. Car traffic becomes a new problem recently, too many families have cars, and the roads are not wide enough, so the government makes a new policy to control the situation. The last one or two number of license plates decide when the car can or cannot enter to the city, for example, the last number of the license plates on my father‘s car was 3, so my father cannot drive on Tuesday and Saturday. I think China has this problem, too. The Mongolian government shows us a great way to Restrict on vehicle) 10. How do you learn both Chinese and English at the same time? I learned Chinese since primary school, meanwhile I learn English from a Chinese English teacher. However, the generation before me learned Russian, because Russian was important at that time. My grandpa can understand the material from the Russia channel. (I learned English since middle school; I think kids are good at learning a new language) 11. If you can go to another country you like, which one would you like to go to? I will go to Japan, because the technology is developed in there. (I agree, Japan is a good place for travel, and foods are very delicious) 12. What are some problems that your society suffers from? The Mongolian government, it is chaos. For example, they steal tax income from the citizen, and they never admit the behavior. (I think this is also happened in my country, maybe China is even worse, government always spends money on useless projects, and people do not know how and where they spend the money) 13. What do you think about your race .. What are you proud of .. not proud of ..? I am proud to be a descendant of Genghis Khan. What I am not proud to be is that the low population and the development of Mongolia is slower than the other Asian countries. (For me, I am proud to be a Chinese, even my country has so many problems, but I believe Mongolia and China will become better and better) Reference 1. Mongolia Exports. (n. d. ). TRADING ECONOMICS | 300. 000 INDICATORS FROM 196 COUNTRIES. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://www. tradingeconomics. com/mongolia/exports   2. Mongolia Imports. (n. d. ). TRADING ECONOMICS | 300. 000 INDICATORS FROM 196 COUNTRIES. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://www. tradingeconomics. com/mongolia/imports   3. Education in Mongolia – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n. d. ). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Education_in_Mongolia   4. History of Mongolia. (n. d. ). History of Nations. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://www. historyofnations. net/asia/mongolia. html   5. INFRASTRUCTURE IN MONGOLIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES. (n. d. ). Monoglia. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://www. associm. com/newsletters/pdf/INFRASTRUCTURE_final. df   6. Jiang, S. (n. d. ). Problems in Mongolia. mongolia. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://mongoliaparadise. tripod. com/problems. html   7. Mongolia History . (n. d. ). Mongolia Travel, Mongolia Travel Agency, Hotels, Travel to Mongolia. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://www. discovermongolia. mn/country/history. html   8. topic. (n. d. ). 1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1990_Democratic_Revolution_in_Mongolia How to cite Mongol Empire, Papers

Two extravagances to exclude reason, to admit only reason Essay Example For Students

Two extravagances: to exclude reason, to admit only reason Essay Yet, as I realized when I met French exchange students last month, this was, in fact, a hasty statement. Here, if reason as a way of knowing was taken as the standard, the conclusion seemed to be absolutely true; however, the truth was that the process of arriving at the conclusion was faulty. A similar example was seen in the case of the Singaporean government. A few years ago, after implementation of capital punishment, the government saw that the crime rate fell, and immediately deduced that the move was effective. We will write a custom essay on Two extravagances: to exclude reason, to admit only reason specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, the truth remains that there could have been several other reasons for this drop, such as reduced poverty, or greater literacy, none of which were accounted for. In this case, one sees that the governments mode of reasoning was not incorrect: but yet, there was a fallacy (post hoc ergo propter hoc),11 which severely obstructed the conclusion. Additionally, the subjective viewpoint of reasoning can cause confrontation. The fact that reasoning is individual-specific12 means that there is a possibility of it being influenced by personal ignorance, laziness or prejudice. A perfect example would be the current Middle East scenario: each nation embroiled in the conflict, be it Palestine, Israel, Syria or Lebanon, defends their stand strongly using reason: be it the need for a Jewish homeland, the infringement of Palestinian sovereignty or the religious connection as the argument. Yet, the truth remains that all these stands are probably influenced by prejudice: the Israelis are Zionist13, the Palestinians angry at the loss of their homeland, and the Arabs driven by religious solidarity. Although all their reasoning may be correct, here reasoning provokes confrontation as it adds a prejudiced certainty and stubbornness to each viewpoint. Furthermore, it is often seen that people build on such prejudiced reasoning, and expand their knowledge claims on the basis of it14. These lead to a faulty knowledge spiral and a chain of ignorance. One also sees that reason can cause a complete lack of empathy and humanity in ones approach. To elaborate on this, I have to refer to the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata15. In the epic, the villainous Duryodhana won a gambling match against his cousins, and as per the rules set forth, reasoned that it would be suitable to send them for a 14-year exile period. Using this example, we see that it is definitely justifiable if merely reason is used in the deduction process. However, the fact remains that this comes across as a heartless and cruel act, one that is often condemned and can only be countered through use of emotion. In this way, it is often necessary to maintain a balance with other ways of knowing to eliminate these weaknesses of reason. Reason definitely develops consistent beliefs, which provide several strengths to its nature. Furthermore, these justified true beliefs are the basis of rational languages, adding a sense of logic and clarity to thoughts. However, it has various doubts shrouded over its use as a way of knowing, resulting in a variety of weaknesses. Hence, it is ideal if balanced by other ways of knowing. For example, as the philosopher Edward De Bono said, reason may be a prison of consistency16, and needs to be merged with other ways of knowing. Reason is an excellent way of knowing, but it falls desperately short when not used with the others. Bibliography: Books: Connors, Hamish , Reasoning with life, Colorado: Westview Press, 2005 Kim, Jaegwon, Philosophy of the Mind (Colorado: Westview Press, 2005 Kirkland, George, Knowledge and its aspects, New York: New York University Press, 2001 Lehrer, Keith, Theory of Knowledge. Colorado: Westview Press, 2000 Van de Lagemaat, Richard. Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Websites: Nizkor. The Nizkor Project: 42 fallacies www. nizkor. org http://www. nizkor. org/features/fallacies/ (Accessed 8th February, 2009) Threes. .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968 , .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968 .postImageUrl , .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968 , .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968:hover , .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968:visited , .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968:active { border:0!important; } .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968:active , .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968 .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue7b340acd8980b1aca29bbb475670968:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: THE 1999 FORD MUSTANG? EssayThe Book of Threes Types of Reasoning www. threes. com http://threes. com/cms/index. php? option=com_contenttask=viewid=1849Itemid=52 (accessed 28th February, 2009)(Accessed 10th February, 2009) 1 Richard van de Lagemaat, Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 111 2 Threes. The Book of Threes Types of Reasoning www. threes. com http://threes. com/cms/index. php? option=com_contenttask=viewid=1849Itemid=52 This source identifies three types of logic: deduction (Proof leading to answer), induction (answer first, the proof) and analogy (comparison). 3 A form of reasoning that moves from the general to the particular: it uses available information to come to a conclusion, by logically interpreting them 4 Hamish Connors, Reasoning with life, (Colorado: Westview Press, 2005), 95 5 George Kirkland, Knowledge and its aspects (New York: New York University Press, 2001), 102 6 A concept proposed by Rene Descartes as the only real way of attaining knowledge 7 For example, the Citi Group recently laid off 50000 workers, estimating the total fall in losses as $4mn. 8 Jaegwon Kim, Philosophy of the Mind (Colorado: Westview Press, 2005), 246 9 Nizkor. The Nizkor Project: 42 fallacies www. nizkor. org http://www. nizkor. org/features/fallacies/ 10 The concept whereby knowledge moves from specific information to vast generalizations. This is often known as a bottom-up approach 11 A fallacy that assumes that one thing is the cause of another, merely because it precedes the other 12 As shown before in the strengths 13 The section of the Jewish society who campaigned for an independent Jewish nation 14 Keith Lehrer, Theory of Knowledge (Colorado: Westview Press, 2000), 84. 15 Famous Indian epic, it forms an important part of Indian mythology. Today, it is a famous text in Hindu mythology. It focuses on the fights and wars between two groups of warring cousins: the Pandavas, and the Kauravas. 16 Richard van de Lagemaat, Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 135.

Living and Non-Living Cells and Tissues in Trees

Living and Non-Living Cells and Tissues in Trees Only 1 percent of a dormant mature tree is biologically living while the rest is composed of non-living, structural wood cells. In other words, very little of a trees  woody volume is composed of living, metabolizing tissue; rather, the major living and growing portions of a tree are leaves, buds, roots, and a thin film or skin of cells just under the bark called the cambium. There are other living cells that are important for tree growth within the different parts of trees, especially in root tips, the apical meristem, and leaf and flower buds; however, these living cells make up a very small percentage of the total volume of a trees cells. Instead, non-living or dead cells comprise most of the volume of a tree, providing vital structural support for the living cells. Interestingly enough, trees start out in life as a germinating seed with every living cell in hyperdrive, but  as a tree seed becomes a seedling, then a sapling, then a mature tree, its living contents become less and less as a percentage of the total volume. Trees increasingly lose their living cytoplasmic cells as metabolism ceases in each cell, and although they are no longer alive, these non-living cells now provide protection, transportation, and physical support for the living ones. The Vital Role of Non-Living Cells Without the support and structure provided by non-living cells,  trees would likely die  and certainly wouldnt grow quite as large as they do. This is because non-living cells provide a vital role in the process of  how a tree grows  - from the heavy lifting of holding up the tall branches to the trees bark, which protects the thin layer of living cells underneath. This supporting and protective wood is created by cambial-hardened cells produced on the inner and outer cambial layer and sandwiched between the outer cambial layer. As a result, the bark of a tree is a product of the ongoing process of creating  sieve tubes to transport water and nutrients from the leaves to the roots and back. The sound, non-living cells of a tree are very important to helping a tree stay protected, and the bark and structural cells serve as a line of defense against insects and disease that could affect the vulnerable living tissue of the cambium that maintains life throughout the tree. New cells are formed and living cells cease metabolization as they transform into transport vessels and protective skin, creating a cycle of creation, rapid growth, slowing metabolism, and death as the tree climbs ever-higher into a healthy, full plant. When Wood Is Considered Alive and Dead For most intents and purposes, wood is considered to be the product of living cells in trees harnessing the environment around them to make proteins and form protective vessels and shells for the trees sustained growth. Wood is only technically considered dead when its separated from the tree itself, as it still serves a vital role in the plants life when attached to living cells in the tree. In other words, although wood is largely made of non-living cells - cells that no longer reproduce but instead transport nutrients to living cells - it is still considered alive if it is attached to the tree itself. However, if a branch falls off or a person cuts down a tree, the wood is considered dead because it no longer transports living matter through itself. As a result, wood that has been separated from a tree will dry up as the protoplasm hardens and the protein turns into the wood one might use in a fireplace or for building a shelf. This wood is considered dead, though the piece it was once attached to - if still attached to the tree itself - is still considered alive.

Talking About Young People

Talking About Young People Talking About Young People Talking About Young People By Maeve Maddox Many terms exist to describe children of various ages, all of them having different connotations. The messages of journalists, politicians, merchants, professional educators, and social commentators are often slanted by the terms they choose to describe children. For example, politicians who may usually refer to children as kids are careful to use the words child and children in their important speeches. Apparently, child evokes a more tender response in the listener than kid. Professional educators, who once distinguished between the words pupil and student, now refer to all school children as students. Any word that describes a child is going to carry some emotional charge, but some are more heavily weighted than others. Here are some fairly neutral words to describe young people under the age of 21: baby infant toddler child boy girl youngster juvenile adolescent minor The following words convey more specific images and appeal to different emotions: tot tyke little one preschooler teenager teen preteen student young man young lady young adult waif urchin brat rug rat guttersnipe In the past, the word youth was a useful term often seen in news stories with the meaning of â€Å"a young man between boyhood and mature age.† For example, â€Å"Youth Robs Liquor Store.† Recently, I’ve seen the word used to describe a three-year-old who drowned. Finally, there’s the word kid. As a word for the young of a goat, kid has been in the language at least since 1562; possibly since 1200. The OED documents kid, â€Å"a child, especially a young child,† from the 17th century, noting that it originated as â€Å"low slang,† but by the 19th century had become common in familiar speech. Nowadays, kid is used in the most formal contexts, from the speech and writing of professional educators to the naming of children’s clinics. The word’s elevation to the status of an acceptable synonym for child may have something to do with its similarity to German Kind (child); after all, English is a Germanic language. However, despite its ubiquity as a generic term for child, the word kid can carry negative connotations that prevent it from being acceptable in every context. Related post: â€Å"I Hate ‘Kids† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Anyone vs. EveryoneHow Long Should a Synopsis Be?

Free Trade and Fair Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Free Trade and Fair Trade - Essay Example This unequivocal position, he views any and all tariffs as anathema to the enjoyment of the benefits of free trade, and an injustice to the consumer who deserves access to the best valued goods and services at the most economical prices. Milton believes that the consumer’s interest is paramount, and any other policy consideration inconsistent-valued his interest is distortionary. An interesting assertion in the article is the principle attributed by Friedman to Adam Smith, that citizens from a nation benefit from importing as much as it can and exporting as little as possible. Friedman interprets this as getting as much value as possible with deploying as little, thus accumulating value within the country’s borders. Fried Fair Trade. Stiglitz and Charlton proceed on the premise that trade can be a positive force for development. However, it is their position that liberalization should be carefully managed. The position of Stiglitz and Charlton is that the Washington Con sensus prescribed developing countries to expeditiously adopt a system of reduced tariffs and trade barriers, entailed unforeseen cost to these countries in what amounted to the unwarranted rapid and indiscriminate liberalization of their markets. The undue haste and lack of careful stewardship in the adoption of free trade policies have resulted to an unfair advantage on the part of developed countries. For instance, after the Uruguay Round, developed countries came away with a disproportionately greater part of the gains particularly on the issues of the reduction of textile protection and of tariff and subsidy reduction on agricultural goods. This left developing countries at a gross disadvantage for which they met succeeding trade negotiations with much less enthusiasm and volition.

Honorifics Similarities of the Guugu Yimidhirr and Japanese Languages Essay

Honorifics Similarities of the Guugu Yimidhirr and Japanese Languages - Essay Example One of the most intriguing qualities of the Guugu Yimidhirr language is its honorific system; in other words, the way in which deference is paid to certain members of the family or the society with the use of a specific word over another. In particular, the honorific system requires the use of deference words and tone to a brother-in-law or father-in-law. The Japanese and Guugu Yimidhir languages were born for essentially the same purpose: to solidify a social structure that organically evolved to support a burgeoning community and, eventually, a larger nation. Where the Guugu Yimidhirr language has maintained its more traditional deference language primarily for use in speaking to brothers- and fathers- in law who in turn provide essential services for the community, Japanese culture has evolved and with it the use of deferential language for business purposes. Whorfian theory can be used in terms of the Aboriginal group, however Japanese language has not been a mirror unto itself a nd has changed to accommodate the needs of its society. The function of the honorifics within the Guugu Yimidhirr language is to essentially uphold an established social structure. The culture of these people is such that a certain stratification is basic to the continuation of the societal framework: deference must be paid to those members of society who are, in terms of the culture, of higher importance and reverence within the community and the society on the whole. Brothers-in-law and fathers-in-law are considered honorable members of the community in that they are wise and instrumental to the running of day-to-day life. This is a generally accepted view of Guugu Yimidhirr, with many subscribers to the idea that the language is what the society was initially, and now is, fixed upon. In contrast to this theory, however, Foley suggests that the key to understanding the use of honorifics within this particular language is to bring the Whorfian theories into play; in short, to examine the idea that the words used in context are not merely a product of initial societal roles but that they are currently responsible for shaping the worldview of the Guugu Yimidhirr themselves (Foley 1997). Being raised in an environment where it is socially unacceptable to say Balin-ga (porcupine) to your father- or brother-in-law instead of the deferential nhalngarr (Shopen 1979) means that children are acculturated to believe in the existing social structures and to use them with little resistance. Shopen points out that the deferential vocabulary within Guugu Yimidhirr is not a substantial sub-language, but instead a special set of words and phrases that are interchangeable with parts of the regular language. This is notable because it shows that the social structure is not completely, strictly stratified, but that it merely demands a level of respect for those on whom the community depends. Modern Japanese Honorifics The Japanese language today is another, like Guugu Yimidhirr, that has evolved over centuries and in doing so has developed and maintained honorifics. The three specific levels of Japanese honorifics, delineated by linguists, are Polite, Respectful and Humble Language. Teineigo, or Polite Language, is marked by the use of special sentence and verb endings: desu and masu, respectively (Maynard 1997). This is the language version taught to non-native speakers of Japanese. Sonkeigo, or Respectful Language, is used in reference to superiors and is characterized by the use of alternate words. For example, instead of using the verb suwaru as would be done when referring to oneself sitting down, the phrase o kake ni natte kudasai is used to ask someone in a superior position (this includes customers)

Inherent and Instrumental Values in Ethics :: Happiness Life Papers

Inherent and Instrumental Values in Ethics The distinction between inherent and instrumental values in ethics could, in my view, be said to represent a contemporary version of both the eudaimonistic distinction between virtues as instruments and forms of happiness as the goals or ends to be achieved through these instruments, and of the deontological distinction between duties and the summum bonum to be, at least ultimately or in an afterlife, achieved through them. The paper identifies and explores what appears to be a threefold relationship between inherent and instrumental values. First, their mutual inseparability is found to be based in the very concept of instrumentality. Second, their parallelism in the relevant respects is seen also to be rooted in their instrumental relation. Third, and very significant, the inherent and instrumental values are discovered to be reversible so that what were inherent values can often become instrumental and vice-versa. Finally, and most importantly, the value and richness of human life is perceived to be nothing else than the function of the richness in values in ethics as well as in other spheres of human life. I. Introduction John Dewey holds the value concept as controversial since a survey of the current literature of the subject discloses that views on the subject range from the belief, at one extreme, that so-called 'values' are but emotional epithets or mere ejaculations, to the belief, at the other extreme, that a priori necessary standardized, rational values are the principles upon which art, science, and morals depend for their validity. And between these two conceptions lies a number of intermediate views. (1) One intermediate view says that values in general are things, beliefs, actions, emotions, and attitudes which are found acceptable, desirable, and even praiseworthy to the individual, to society, or to both of them. (2) We find as many different kinds of values as there are different areas of human life-intellectual, emotional, aesthetic, religious, moral, political, economic, etc. The distinction between inherent and instrumental values applies equally to each one of these fields. This ch apter, however, will limit itself to the inquiry into the nature and relationship of the inherent and instrumental values in the field of morality with only an occasional excursus into other fields. To indicate the meaning of these two kinds of values we could begin by saying that the inherent values are, roughly speaking, the desired results achieved through the operation of the instrumental values. Inherent and Instrumental Values in Ethics :: Happiness Life Papers Inherent and Instrumental Values in Ethics The distinction between inherent and instrumental values in ethics could, in my view, be said to represent a contemporary version of both the eudaimonistic distinction between virtues as instruments and forms of happiness as the goals or ends to be achieved through these instruments, and of the deontological distinction between duties and the summum bonum to be, at least ultimately or in an afterlife, achieved through them. The paper identifies and explores what appears to be a threefold relationship between inherent and instrumental values. First, their mutual inseparability is found to be based in the very concept of instrumentality. Second, their parallelism in the relevant respects is seen also to be rooted in their instrumental relation. Third, and very significant, the inherent and instrumental values are discovered to be reversible so that what were inherent values can often become instrumental and vice-versa. Finally, and most importantly, the value and richness of human life is perceived to be nothing else than the function of the richness in values in ethics as well as in other spheres of human life. I. Introduction John Dewey holds the value concept as controversial since a survey of the current literature of the subject discloses that views on the subject range from the belief, at one extreme, that so-called 'values' are but emotional epithets or mere ejaculations, to the belief, at the other extreme, that a priori necessary standardized, rational values are the principles upon which art, science, and morals depend for their validity. And between these two conceptions lies a number of intermediate views. (1) One intermediate view says that values in general are things, beliefs, actions, emotions, and attitudes which are found acceptable, desirable, and even praiseworthy to the individual, to society, or to both of them. (2) We find as many different kinds of values as there are different areas of human life-intellectual, emotional, aesthetic, religious, moral, political, economic, etc. The distinction between inherent and instrumental values applies equally to each one of these fields. This ch apter, however, will limit itself to the inquiry into the nature and relationship of the inherent and instrumental values in the field of morality with only an occasional excursus into other fields. To indicate the meaning of these two kinds of values we could begin by saying that the inherent values are, roughly speaking, the desired results achieved through the operation of the instrumental values.

Preschool Music Education Essay

Introduction Teaching music to preschoolers contributes to brain development.   â€Å"The musician is constantly adjusting decisions on tempo, tone, style, rhythm, phrasing, and feeling—training the brain to become incredibly good at organizing and conducting numerous activities at once. Dedicated practice of this orchestration can have a great payoff for lifelong attention skills, intelligence, and an ability for self-knowledge and expression† (Ratey, 2001).   A group of researchers at the University of California (Irvine) conducted a study that showed that after eight months of keyboard lessons, preschoolers showed a 46% boost in their spatial reasoning (Rauscher, Shaw, Levine, Ky and Wright, 2001). Music Education Module   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The curriculum for teaching preschool music education should contain three parts: 1) Singing; 2) Active listening; and 3) Movement.   All three of these subsections should work together and build off of the skills learned during the other subsections.   The music education curriculum must be fun and engaging for the preschool children, otherwise the children will not give the music activities their full attention and will not retain the cognitive abilities that can be taught through music education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The preschool music education curriculum needs to be focused around teaching the children songs, preferably nursery rhymes and other educational songs, which will teach the children a skill.   Incorporating movement and hand motions into each song that is taught will enhance the skills learned.   Learning to sing songs will improve the development of language acquisition, listening skills, and fine motor skills.    Songs that tell a story with hand motions such as â€Å"I’m Bringing Home a Baby Bumblebee† will improve language skills as well as fine motor skills and self expression.   Songs that specifically address a certain skill such as counting songs (1,2 Buckle My Shoe) and spelling songs (B-I-N-G-O) should be incorporated into the music curriculum as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The preschool music education curriculum must also include active listening to music.   Listening to music, particularly classical music, will improve listening skills, auditory discrimination, abstract reasoning, and spatial intelligence.   After the children have listened to a musical piece, the experience needs to be reinforced by a series of questions and answers.   Asking the children what kind of instruments they heard and what emotions they felt during the song will improve the abstract reasoning skills and teach the children how to evaluate and comprehend what they have heard.   Clapping through a rhythm that was in the song they just heard will teach the children about tempo and improve counting and mathematical skills. Conclusion The preschool music education curriculum needs to include all three of the subsections discussed.   If the curriculum neglects one of the subsections, important skills will be neglected.   Singing and dancing teaches preschool children language skills, fine motor skills, and self expression.   Actively listening to music, particularly classical music, improves listening skills, abstract reasoning skills, and spatial intelligence. When developing a preschool music education curriculum, the most important thing is to ensure that the curriculum is fun and engaging for the preschool children.   If the curriculum is rigid and boring, the children will lose interest and the teacher will not have their full attention.   In order for the preschool children to acquire the skills taught during music education, the children must be engaged in the curriculum.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚      References Musically Yours, Inc.   (2007, November) Music Preludes.   Retrieved January 23, 2008 from http://www.musicpreludes.com/index.html Ratey John J., MD. A User’s Guide to the Brain. New York: Pantheon Books, 2001. Rauscher, Shaw, Levine, Ky and Wright, â€Å"Music and Spatial Task Performance: A Causal Relationship,† University of California, Irvine, 1994

Business Etiquette, Vital Manners, Cross Cultural Communication Free Essay Example, 1000 words

a) In Saudi Arabia, an American businessman sat down and crossed his legs, so that the leather soles of his fine dress shoes were showing. He then refused an offer of a cup of coffee. Individuals involved in this case can be made to understand that the difference in culture was the root cause of their misunderstandings. The American business person is obsessed with the western culture which is viewed by some eastern countries as arrogant and boastful. This is the reason why he was crossing his legs so that the leather soles of his fine dress shoes could be seen. At the same time, refusing a cup of coffee from his Saudi friend was normal in western culture, unlike Arabic culture. b) How do people greet each other in Australia, India, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, and Spain? Shaking hands when people meet is a common form of greeting amongst people living in Australia. Women at times greet each other by making a kiss on the cheek while the tourists usually use the term "G' day" to mean " hello"(Cyborlink. com, 2014). In India, shaking hands is the most common way through which people greet, though men are not supposed to touch women. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Etiquette, Vital Manners, Cross Cultural Communication or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Kisses are acceptable in countries like Haiti, Kenya, USA, UK, and France among other countries. In India, kissing is acceptable for close family members(Cyborlink. com, 2014). In Egypt, it is acceptable for women to kiss.